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A field experiment was carried out on a calcareous soil at Abou massou village (48 km south-west to Alexandria) to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) at the rates of 0 , soil application of (15 kg HA / fed and 30 kg HA/fed) , foliar spray of 0.1% HA and mixture of (15 kg HA/fed as soil application + 0.1% HA as foliar spray along with mineral fertilizers (MF) at the rates of 0 , 75 and 100% of the recommended dose of N, P and K (RDF) on some physical and chemical properties of the studied soil as well as soybean yield and its components.The obtained results indicated that soil application of HA significantly increased soil organic matter content and positively affected bulk density and total porosity (decrease bulk density and increase total porosity). Available N, P and K in soil showed pronounced increases due to the soil application of HA and/ or MF , with a superiority for the treatment of 30 Kg HA + 100% RDF over the other treatments. Growth traits , N, P and K content in seeds as well as seed yield and yield components of Soybean considerably increased as a result of soil or foliar application of HA and/ or MF and the increase progressed with increasing the rate of HA (From 15 kg HA to 30 kg HA/Fed) or MF (From 75 to 100% RDF). The combined application of HA and MF was more prominent in enhancing the aforementioned parameters compared to the treatments received solely application of MF. In this respect, the highest values of these parameters were produced by the combined application of 30 kg HA/fed with 100% RDF.

This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of platinum nanoparticles compared with cis-platin both in vitro and in vivo in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma induced in rats. The treatment efficacy of platinum nanoparticles was evaluated by measuring antioxidant activities against oxidative stress caused by diethylnitrosamine in liver tissue. The measurements included reduced glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as malondialdehyde level. Liver function tests were also determined, in addition to the evaluation of serum alpha-fetoprotein, caspase-3, and cytochrome c in liver tissue. Total RNA extraction from liver tissue samples was also done for the relative quantification of B-cell lymphoma 2, matrix metallopeptidase 9, and tumor protein p53 genes. Histopathological examination was also performed for liver tissue. Results showed that platinum nanoparticles are more potent than cis-platin in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats as it ameliorated the investigated parameters toward normal control animals. These findings were well appreciated with histopathological studies of diethylnitrosamine group treated with platinum nanoparticles, suggesting that platinum nanoparticles can serve as a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma which should attract further studies.

Five diagnostic tests for infection with Trypanosoma evansi have been compared in groups of camels experimentally infected or exposed to natural infection in the Sudan. The correlation of positive results obtained by assays of IgM levels, the mercuric chloride test and the formol gel test with the presence of active infection was unsatisfactory, but there was a good correlation between results obtained using IFAT and ELISA and proven infection. Sera from a high proportion of apparently uninfected camels from endemic areas gave positive reactions with all 5 tests, possibly indicating inadequate parasitological diagnosis or persistence of antibody after unsatisfactory chemotherapy. It was concluded that serological tests using trypanosomal antigens to detect antibodies were more sensitive for diagnosis than indirect tests based on raised euglobulin levels. Serodiagnostic tests may therefore have a place in future programmes for surveillance and control of T. evansi infections in camels.