No abstract

The authors present the results of comparing the components of deflection of vertical obtained through astronomical-geodetic and navigational-geodetic methods. The first one is based on comparing astronomical and geodetic coordinates of a location. This method has recently been widely implemented in a digital zenith camera systems using a small-sized digital telescope with an astronomical camera based on CCD or CMOS technologies, a high-precision inclinometer and satellite navigation system receiver. In this case, the combination of a telescope, an astronomical camera and an inclinometer enables determining the local direction of the plumb line, expressed by astronomical coordinates, from observations of stars at the zenith and using high-precision star catalogs. The navigational-geodetic method is based on comparing the results of the normal heights’ increments, defined through geometric leveling, and geodetic heights, computed with the relative method of satellite coordinate determinations. For each method, random and systematic components of the error and its confidence bounds were calculated; the absolute values of the deflection of vertical components at two geographically separated points were compared.

Global navigation satellite systems, which provide high accuracy of navigation, in certain conditions (in tunnels, in closed rooms, in conditions of interference, etc.) have restrictions on their use. In this regard, in order to ensure “seamless” navigation in any conditions of the situation, it becomes necessary to develop new methods and means to increase the stability of navigation definitions. The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems of creating an integrated navigation system using measurements of the parameters of the Earth’s gravitational and magnetic fields. Requirements for meters of parameters of geophysical fields and navigation charts are considered, a number of new navigation meters, new methods and means of preparing navigation charts are proposed. The ways of development of relativistic geodesy and the possibility of using the achievements of gravitational-wave astronomy in gravimetry are considered.

The article deals with the matters of creating an integrated navigation system using measurements of the Earth`s gravitational and magnetic fields’ parameters (EGF and EMF). Such a system is to contain a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), as well as sensors for the current parameters of the EGF and EMF. Its simulation was carried out. As a result it was found out that, due to the use of information on the parameters of the EGF and EMF, an error of several hundred meters can be obtained. Based on the results of full-scale tests of the created integrated navigation system for the EGF and EMF, a real error of 900 m was obtained with a correction interval of SINS readings of 4 minutes. According to the results of modeling and testing of the mentioned system, the main tasks and ways to solve them are identified. The requirements for measurers of geophysical fields’ parameters and navigation charts are considered, a number of new navigation meters, new methods and tools for preparing navigation charts are proposed. The ways of developing relativistic geodesy and the possibility of using the gravitational-wave astronomy achievements in gravimetry are considered.

The initial information for the development of high-degree models of the Earth's gravitational field (EGF) are the results of satellite and ground-based measurements. At the same time, satellite measurements carry information on the long-wave structure of the EGF. Information on the short-wave structure of the EGF can be obtained only on the basis of ground-based measurements. Having organized the determination of deflection of vertical (DOV) with a resolution of several kilometers, the local structure of the EGF can be restored with the highest possible resolution. This can be done using digital zenith camera systems (DZCS). They are automated and allow to determine the components of the DOV at the point of placement in real time. The article presents the developed measurement technique with a DZCS and the results of its tests at various geographical points in the field. The proposed technique, unlike the existing traditional technique, allows to evaluate and take into account the calibration coefficients of the DZCS in each series of observations. In addition, the new proposed technique does not impose requirements on the accuracy of rotation of the telescope around the axis in the horizontal plane and the rigidity of the base of the DZCS. The test results of the new technique showed that the standard deviation of measurements is about 0.1″–0.3″.