Despite the development and implementation of vaccines in various countries of the world, COVID-19 remains a significant medical and social problem. This is directly related to the characteristic feature of SARS-CoV-2 to form new strains, which reduces the effectiveness of vaccination. In connection with the foregoing, the priority in the prevention of COVID-19 is to improve and maintain the normal functioning of the human immune system. Recently, more and more scientists have noted the significant role of micronutrients in ensuring immune function. However, most research focuses on micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, iron and copper, while it is known that the balance of micronutrients depends on all its constituents. Consequently, any change in the content of one mineral substance can affect the level of others, leading to an imbalance of trace elements in the body. The aim of this work was to analyze literature data on less studied microelements in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both essential and toxic, that can affect the state of the immune system and, as a result, the incidence and risk of complications and adverse outcomes in COVID-19. An analysis of the literature on the effect of manganese, chromium, iodine, cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenic and lithium on human antiviral protection, including in the case of a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, showed that the determination of the microelement status, taking into account the above microelements and, with necessary, the appointment of preparations containing minerals is promising for the purpose of prevention and as an additional therapy for COVID-19.

No abstract

No abstract

Due to the progressive increase in the incidence of endocrine pathology in the world, the issues of prevention and treatment of this group of diseases become topical. Diseases of the endocrine system are often accompanied by the development of comorbidities and complications, which negatively affects the quality of life and survival of patients. Currently, the features of the trace element status in patients with various diseases are actively studied. Numerous modern studies are devoted to the question of the influence of the balance of trace elements on the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity and some thyroid diseases, including autoimmune ones. The role of iodine, selenium, iron, zinc and copper in the development and progression of these diseases has been established, but the results of these studies are sometimes contradictory. This review presents the data obtained by national and foreign researchers on the role of trace elements in the development of endocrine pathology, gives a brief description of the most significant mineral substances, as well as the effect of their imbalance on the structure and function of the organs of the endocrine system. The need for further study of this issue is discussed, taking into account concomitant diseases, as well as the mutual influences of mineral substances on each other, which can lead to a change in the concentration of trace elements in the body.

Since 2020, the world has been living in the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This situation is due to the high virulence and prevalence of the virus, which has reached epidemic proportions in recent years. Hemostasis disorders are the main marker and prognosis of the severe course of the disease. The virus in the body of a patient with COVID-19 triggers a pathophysiological chain reaction, which, in turn, will lead to the development of a cytokine storm, a disorder in the hemostasis system, and the development of multiple organ disorders. The purpose of the study: to determine and study the influence of various factors on the characteristics of hemostasis in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. The object of the study were patients with moderate and severe forms of the disease. The following methods were used in the study: standard laboratory diagnostics and hair mineralogram. Results. Moderate and severe courses have clear laboratory markers, with a high probability of developing thrombotic complications, especially in conditions of deficiency of such minerals as zinc, selenium, iron, copper, bismuth, and aluminum, which have immunoregulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and hemostatic properties, as well as reduce the risk of secondary infection. Conclusions. The results of the study suggest the importance of using minerals and emphasize the significance of using minerals in patients at the very beginning of the disease in order to strengthen the main physiological systems in case of laboratory-confirmed deficiency.