Severe falciparum malaria usually occurs in nonimmune patients, namely children in endemic areas or travelers returning from tropical areas. It generally has one of two outcomes: rapid death or cure without sequelae. Neurologic sequelae have been reported in children but have not been described in detail in adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical spectrum, neuroimaging aspects and long-term outcome of these sequelae. We describe six imported cases of severe malaria with neurologic sequelae in adults, seen in a Parisian university hospital over a 10-year period. The most striking findings were neuropsychological disorders, in particular memory impairment and diffuse white matter damage on magnetic resonance imaging. Only three of the patients had made a full recovery after 6 months.

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