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Seventy-four cases of tuberculosis of the upper limb joints (sterno-clavicular 1; shoulder 12; elbow 42; wrist 10 and fingers 9), treated by two of the authors, were reviewed. Eighty-seven percent presented at an advanced stage of destruction. The diagnosis was proved in 71 our of 74 cases. In most, the treatment was 6-12 months of chemotherapy, plaster immobilization (in order to prevent or correct deformity) and functional rehabilitation whenever possible. The sterno-clavicular and finger joints were not immobilized. Response to chemotherapy was favourable in 66 of the patients followed up. One relapse occurred at the 18th month. The affected shoulder joints healed with loss of movement, but were not painful. At the elbow, ten patients developed spontaneous bony fusion in the right-angle position, 27 had a useful range of motion and 19 had more than 70 degrees of flexion-extension movement. One patient had an arthrodesis. At the wrist, two patients healed with painful stiffness and an arthrodesis was performed. All the finger lesions healed with painless stiffness which did not interfere much with function because rehabilitation had been started early. The authors believe that conservative management usually gives better results than arthrodesis or excision of the joint.

Ninety-eight cases of tuberculosis of the knee (85 adults and 13 children), treated by one or other of the authors, were reviewed. 70% of the patients presented an advanced stage of destructive disease, but 30% were seen at the stage of synovitis. A proven diagnosis was obtained in 88 out of 98 cases. In the majority, treatment was standardised with 6 to 12 months of chemotherapy and plaster immobilisation in order to prevent or correct a deformity. Arthrodesis was only undertaken for disabling deformity after conservative management (16 cases). Response to chemotherapy was favourable in 78 followed-up patients. Five relapses occurred between the 12th and 24th month. The functional results ranged from full normal recovery to spontaneous fusion or arthrodesis. The results were related to the stage of the disease at the time when treatment was started.