ABSTRACT.Purpose: After trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, extremely low intraocular pressure (IOP) with excess filtration may cause hypotonous maculopathy in the early postoperative period. We evaluated the effect of injecting autologous blood on reversing early postoperative marked hypotony after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Methods: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was performed in 258 eyes between 1994 and 1998. Peribleb autologous blood injection was performed in five eyes in which pressure patches were ineffective in reversing excess filtration. Approximately 0.1 to 0.3 ml of whole unclotted blood was slowly injected at least 3 mm from the edge of the flap using a sterile 27-gauge needle. Results: None of these eyes developed hypotonous maculopathy after injection. After a mean 31-month follow-up, all eyes had well-controlled IOP and visual acuity in three eyes was much improved. Postoperative complications included mild IOP elevation in one eye treated with laser suturelysis, and fibrinous pupillary membrane in one eye. Conclusion: In the early postoperative period, autologous blood injection is effective in reversing excess filtration.

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For the removal of humic acid (HA) from water, flocculation using polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and a polyelectrolyte (PE) aid was investigated. TOC removal corresponding to the HA removal was 88.5-90.4* by coagulation with PAC and 90.3-91.1* by flocculation with PAC and PE at a controlled pH of 6.8-7.2. Three flat sheet membranes of 10 4 , 10 5 , and 10 6 molecular weight cut off (MWCO) were used for the investigation of the effect of ultrafiltration (UF) on HA removal. The solution of HA and the mixed solution containing floes were applied to the UF module under the conditions of input pressure 0.2 MPa and the circulation flow rate of 250 ml/min.. TOC removals for a sample solution of 50 mg/1 of HA increased from 78.3% to 93.8% with decreasing the MWCO from 10 6 to 10 4 . For the mixed HA solution containing PAC floes, TOC removal by the 10 6 MWCO membrane was 90.5%. For the mixed solution of HA. PAC and PE, TOC removal by 10 6 , 10 5 , 10 4 MWCO membranes was 90.5%. 92.5%. 95%.4. respectively. Continuous HA removal was investigated in a laboratory scale plant using the processes of flocculation-sedimentation and flocculation-UF. The HA removals were evaluated by the indicators of TOC removal and E26O (absorbance at 260 nm) removal. The flocculation-sedimentation process gave 89.5% removal in E 260 and 88.9% removal in TOC. The flocculation-UF process gave 91.9% removal in E 260 and 89.6% removal in TOC, at a permeation flux of 249.2 l/h.m 2 using the 10 6 MWCO membrane.