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Abstract. Ambon Bay is a strategic area in the context of regional economic development, however it also faced environmental problems due to economic development and the growth of population. One of the environmental problems in the Ambon Bay is the growing solid waste which in turn lowers the quality of the water. The purpose of this study is to evaluate solid waste management in the Ambon City and propose recommendation in order to reduce solid waste in the Ambon Bay. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis by comparing a number of criteria based on the concept of solid waste management in coastal region with the current conditions of solid waste management in Ambon City. Criteria for waste management are divided into generation, storage, collection, transport, transfer and disposal. From the results of analysis, it can be concluded that the components of solid waste management at transport, transfer, and disposal level are generally still adequate, but solid waste management at source, storage and collection level have to be improved.

The improvement of multimodal logistics transportation systems in developed countries has been developing rapidly to reduce transaction costs and increase competitiveness. However, the development of the multimodal logistic transportation system in Indonesia is still relatively slow. This study aims to assess the multimodal transportation institutional coordination of the multimodal logistics transportation system at Tanjung Priok Port. Institutional coordination analysis was assessed from the Transaction Cost Theory and Principal-Agent Theory (PAT) perspectives. Stakeholder Analysis and Q-methodology are chosen as an analysis tool based on the two theories above. Q-Methodology produces a simpler structure of actor perception called actor perception pattern (PP). The perception pattern represents several actors' main perception themes, which would help the analysis focus on the most significant perceptual themes regarding substantial elements of transaction costs. Stakeholder's analysis explains further the results of Q-methodology by mapping the actor, influence, urgency, and importance. This study found that the actor's perception, which is an element of transaction costs, has hampered the coordination in the logistics transport system at Tanjung Priok port due to conflict of interest and adverse selection of informal institutions. This situation becomes more complicated since a specific institution does not yet cover the coordination between actors in multimodal transportation. Therefore, the study suggests establishing the permanent institution as a coordination and management agency to facilitate the strategic concept of relational contracts in the long term, which is expected to expand and deepen institutional coordination.

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