The current Canadian code provisions for the design of timber bolted connections were essentially developed based on connections showing a ductile behavior and then further modified to account for situations where connections fail in a brittle way. An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the strength of bolted connections specifically experiencing a brittle mode of failure. Specimens consisting of steel-wood-steel connections with either 19.1 mm or 12.7 mm bolts were tested in tension. Test variables included end distance, bolt spacing, row spacing, number of bolts per row, number of rows, thickness and species of wood member, glulam or sawn lumber members. Connections were tested to the ultimate to observe possible modes of failure as variables were changed. Results show that the current Canadian standard approach to evaluate the resistance of timber bolted connections is not optimal although conservative. Brittle modes of failure such as row shear-out, group tear-out, and splitting were observed. The resistances calculated using the O86.1 design provisions are as little as a third as compared to tested results. Also, the design equations do not allow the designer to take advantage of the increases in strength as a result of increases in row spacing, as observed in tests. Analysis of the results show that the longitudinal shear stress at failure is related to a parameter which is a function of the smaller distance (end distance or bolt spacing) and the specimen thickness. This relation was used to formulate design equations to predict the row shear-out and group tear-out strengths of glulam specimens using the specified strength values listed in O86.1. As well, it was found that Mode I of the European yield model is the only ductile ultimate failure mode and that other equations for bearing failure can be neglected. In this paper, the research program is described, results are presented, and an alternate design approach is proposed to predict the failure mode and the ultimate strength of steel-wood-steel bolted connection groups.Résumé : Les clauses du présent code canadien pour la conception de connexions boulonnées de madriers ont été essentiellement développées sur la base de connexions montrant un comportement ductile et par la suite modifiées pour considérer des situations où les connexions défaillent de façon fragile. Une étude expérimentale a été entreprise pour évaluer la résistance de connexions boulonnées subissant spécifiquement un mode de rupture fragile. Des spécimens consistant en des connexions acier-bois-acier avec des boulons soit de 19,1 ou 12,7 mm ont été testés en tension. Les variables des tests ont inclus la distance à l'extrémité, l'ecartement entre les boulons, l'ecartement entre les rangées, le nombre de boulons par rangées, le nombre de rangées, l'épaisseur et l'espèce de bois du membre, et si le membre est de bois lamellé et collé ou scié. Les connexions ont été testées jusqu'à l'extrême afin d'observer les modes de ruptures possibles en fonction des variables. Les résultats m...
This paper covers the verification tests carried out at the Royal Military College of Canada on wood-steelwood and wood-steel bolted connections. Thirty groups of specimens were tested. Specimen configurations were selected in such a way to include fundamental brittle and ductile failure mode cases. Comparisons between experimental results and predictions from proposed equations developed from steel-wood-steel bolted connections are given. Proposed design equations were found to provide better predictions of the ultimate loads than current CSA Standard O86.1 design procedures especially for bearing. However, row shear-out predictions seem to overestimate the strength. An adjustment using the reduced (effective) thickness concept is therefore proposed. Experimental observations on specimens that failed in row shear-out indicated that shear failure occurred over a reduced thickness. Stress analysis confirms findings on the reduced thickness. The research program is described in this paper along with the results and the proposed design equations for wood-steel-wood and wood-steel bolted connections loaded parallel-to-grain.Résumé : Cet article couvre les tests de vérification effectués au Collège militaire royal du Canada sur des connexions boulonnées bois-acier-bois et bois-acier. Trente groupes de spécimens ont été testés. La configuration des spécimens a été choisie de sorte que les modes fondamentaux de rupture fragile et ductile soient représentés. Des comparaisons entre les résultats expérimentaux et les prédictions provenant des équations développées pour les connexions boulonnées acier-bois-acier sont données. Les équations de conception proposées se sont avérées meilleures que les procédures de conception de la norme CSA 086.1 actuelle pour la prédiction de la charge ultime, spécialement pour les appuis. Cependant, les prédictions du cisaillement en rangée semblent surestimer la résistance. Un ajustement utilisant le concept de l'épaisseur réduite (efficace) est donc proposé. Les observations expérimentales des spécimens qui ont cédés en cisaillement en rangée démontrent que les ruptures en cisaillement surviennent où l'épaisseur est réduite. Des analyses de contraites confirment les découvertes concernant l'épaisseur réduite. Le programme de recherche est décrit dans cet article avec les résultats et les équations de conception proposées pour des connexions boulonnées bois-acier-bois et bois-acier chargées parallèlement au grain.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.