We describe the fall of Annama meteorite occurred in the remote Kola Peninsula (Russia) close to Finnish border on April 19, 2014 (local time). The fireball was instrumentally observed by the Finnish Fireball Network. From these observations the strewnfield was computed and two first meteorites were found only a few hundred meters from the predicted landing site on May 29 th and May 30 th 2014, so that the meteorite (an H4-5 chondrite) experienced only minimal terrestrial alteration. The accuracy of the observations allowed a precise geocentric radiant to be obtained, and the heliocentric orbit for the progenitor meteoroid to be calculated. Backward integrations of the orbits of selected near-Earth asteroids and the Annama meteoroid showed that they rapidly diverged so that the Annama meteorites are unlikely related to them. The only exception seems to be the recently discovered 2014UR116 that shows a plausible dynamic relationship. Instead, analysis of the heliocentric orbit of the meteoroid suggests that the delivery of Annama onto an Earth-crossing Apollo type orbit occurred via the 4:1 mean motion resonance with Jupiter or the nu6 secular resonance, dynamic mechanisms that are responsible for delivering to Earth most meteorites studied so far.

Despite ablation and drag processes associated with atmospheric entry of meteoroids were a subject of intensive study over the last century, little attention was devoted to interpret the observed fireball terminal height. This is a key parameter because it not only depends on the initial mass, but also on the bulk physical properties of the meteoroids and hence on their ability to ablate in the atmosphere. In this work we have developed a new approach that is tested using the fireball terminal heights observed by the Meteorite Observation and Recovery Project operated in Canada between 1970 − 1985 (hereafter referred as MORP). We then compare them to the calculation made. Our results clearly show that the new methodology is able to forecast the degree of deepening of meteoroids in the Earth's atmosphere. Then, this approach has important applications in predicting the impact hazard from cm-to metersized bodies that are represented, in part, in the MORP bolide list.

Infrasound monitoring has proved to be effective in detection of the meteor generated shock waves. When combined with optical observations of meteors, this technique is also reliable for detecting centimeter-sized meteoroids that usually ablate at high altitudes, thus offering relevant clues that open the exploration of the meteoroid flight regimes. Since a shock wave is formed as a result of a passage of the meteoroid through the atmosphere, the knowledge of the physical parameters of the surrounding gas around the meteoroid surface can be used to determine the meteor flow regime. This study analyses the flow regimes of a data set of twenty-four centimeter-sized meteoroids for which well constrained infrasound and photometric information is available. This is the first time that the flow regimes for meteoroids in this size range are validated from observations. From our approach, the Knudsen and Reynolds numbers are calculated, and two different flow regime evaluation approaches are compared in order to validate the theoretical formulation. The results demonstrate that a combination of fluid dynamic dimensionless parameters is needed to allow a better inclusion of the local physical processes of the phenomena.

Context. We have obtained multi-wavelength observations of compact Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) to probe post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolution from the onset of nebular ejection. Here we analyze new observations from HST to derive the masses and evolutionary status of their central stars (CSs). Aims. Our objective here is to derive the masses of the CSs hosted by compact PNe in order to better understand the relationship between the CS properties and those of the surrounding nebulae. We also compare this sample with others we obtained using the same technique in different metallicity environments: the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Methods. This paper is based on HST/WFC3 images of 51 targets obtained in a snapshot survey (GO-11657). The high spatial resolution of HST allows us to resolve these compact PNe and distinguish the CS emission from that of their surrounding PNe. We derive CS bolometric luminosities and effective temperatures using the Zanstra technique, from a combination of HST photometry and ground-based spectroscopic data. The targets were imaged through the filters F200LP, F350LP, and F814W from which we derive Johnson V and I magnitudes. We infer CS masses by placing the stars on a temperature-luminosity diagram and compare their location with the best available, single star post-AGB evolutionary tracks. Results. We present new, unique photometric measurements of 50 CSs, and we derive effective temperatures and luminosities for most of them. Central star masses for 23 targets were derived with the evolutionary track technique; the remaining masses were indeterminate most likely because of underestimates of the stellar temperature, or because of substantial errors in the adopted statistical distances to these objects. We expect these problems will be largely overcome when the GAIA distance catalog becomes available. We find that objects with the higher ratios of Zanstra temperatures T(H i)/T( He ii ) tend to have lower-mass progenitors.Conclusions. The distribution of CS masses in this sample of compact PNe is remarkably different from samples in the LMC and SMC, but with a median mass of 0.59 M it is similar to other Galatic samples. Finally, we conclude from the typically advanced evolutionary state of the CSs on the log L, log T e f f plane that the compact nature of many of the PNe is a result of their large distance, rather than their physical dimension.