Background: The principles of minimally invasive dentistry clearly tells us the need for clinically effective measures to remineralize the early enamel caries lesions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the remineralisation potential of four different remineralisation agents used quantitatively by surface microhardness and qualitatively by energy dispersive X ray analysis. Materials and Methods: Artificial enamel lesions were created on the buccal surfaces of 60 extracted mandibular second premolar. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups ( n =15) according to the remineralisation agents used: Group 1-Nano Hydroxyapatite, Group 2-Fluoride, Group 3-CPP ACP, Group 4-Chitosan 5mg. All products were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and specimens were stored in daily renewed artificial saliva. Surface microhardness was assessed using Rockwell hardness test and change in mineral content was evaluated using Energy Dispersive X ray analysis. Statistical Analysis: One way analysis of Variance test and post-hoc Tukey test were conducted for multiple group comparison. Results: There was remarkable remineralisation in Hydroxyapatite treated comparatively to the other three groups. Conclusion: All remineralising agents showed improved surface remineralisation. However complete remineralisation did not occur within 7 days. Nanohydroxyapatite showed the highest potential for remineralisation followed by CPP-ACP, Chitosan and Fluoride.

Background: In order to reduce the fear and anxiety of injection during root canal procedures, Madajet injection technique was substituted for the first time among the adult patients to obtain its efficacy and to overcome the painful procedure during the conventional syringe technique. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy and level of patient acceptance of jet injections with conventional syringe technique in patients with symptomatic pulpitis. Methodology: Seventy patients were randomly divided into needleless pressure injection technique using Madajet XL and conventional syringe technique. The onset of anesthesia was evaluated using the electric pulp tester, and the pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale scoring criteria. Statistical Analysis: The obtained data were tabulated and subjected to the statistical analysis using the Chi-square test. Results: Needleless pressure injection technique (Madajet XL) proves to be effective in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis during endodontic procedure. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the needle-less pressure injection technique (Madajet XL) promises to be a viable mode of pain control during endodontic procedures as it converts the solution to a tiny droplet which is then carried by the myelin sheath.

Aim of the study was to evaluate the canal transportation and centering ability of 4% and 6% rotary systems by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).: Sixty permanent mandibular first molar mesio-buccal canals were chosen and divided into two groups (n=30) according to the bio mechanical preparation method used: Vortex blue and XP Endo Shaper. Following after placed on a customized wax sheet substrate, the samples were scanned using CBCT and then subjected to instrumentation according to the group selected. Then post instrumentation CBCT was taken. Slices from the axial slice were obtained at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the root apex, corresponding to the apical, middle, and coronal thirds, respectively, from both exposures. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in canal centering and transportation between both the groups. However vortex blue group showed less transportation and less amount of untouched dentin. It was concluded that " 6% taper group though having higher taper showed better centering ability and less amount ofuntouched dentin and 4% taper file group thoughan adaptive core technology showed more transportation because of its non-uniform expansion to thermal changes.