The importance of continuing to record and discuss anatomical anomalies was addressed recently by Hicks & Newell (1997) in the light of technical advances and interventional methods of diagnosis and treatment. Two recent radiological reports (Bradley et al. 1996; Murphy & Nokes, 1996) highlighted the diagnostic dilemma posed by a sternalis muscle in the detection of breast cancer.

The chondroepitrochlearis is an extremely rare muscular anomaly. Bergman et al. (1988) in their book on anatomical variations refer to ‘costoepitrochlearis, chondroepitrochlearis, or chondrohumeralis’ and describe the anomaly as a muscular slip which arises from one or more ribs, crosses the axilla, and inserts into the median intermuscular septum or medial humeral epicondyle. The phylogenetic significance of the muscle has received attention (Landry, 1958; Chiba et al. 1983; Bergman, 1991), and case reports with ulnar nerve entrapment and restriction of arm movements (FitzGerald, 1935–1936; Voto & Weiner 1987; Lin, 1988; Spinner et al. 1991) have emphasised its clinical relevance.

Pathologic specimens acquired by anatomy departments may be of fundamental anatomical and clinical interest. In this report we describe a true aneurysm of the left ventricle and we review the relevant clinical records of the patient. A detailed review of the literature on ventricular aneurysms is presented with emphasis on particular aspects of cardiac anatomy.

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