The paper presents the results of the study of the drug toxicity “Vitosept” in its preclinical studies in intact white mice. It was found that according to the assessment of toxicological parameters of the studied biocidal product is low-toxic. Oral administration of even its highest concentrations (500 mg/l) did not show a pronounced toxic effect. During the action of the drug for 20 days no deviations in the clinical condition, behavioral reactions, reflex activity did not occur. It was found that most of the values that characterize the functional state of the hematopoietic and hepatobiliary systems, against the background of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, did not undergo significant changes compared with the control. The hemoglobin content in the blood of white mice in the experimental groups increased compared with the control in the first three experimental groups (concentration of GHN 100–300 mg/l). With increasing concentration of the drug, when administered intraperitoneally, there was a greater number of leukocytes in the blood of laboratory animals. At the same time, a probable increase in this indicator was found only in mice of the II experimental group when administered orally to animals of the lowest test concentration (100 mg/l). The concentration of total protein, urea and glucose in the blood of white mice under the action of “Vitosept” was similar in animals of the control and experimental groups. The revealed tendency to increase the activity of certain enzymes (LF, ALT, AST) was short-lived, and is obviously a compensatory response of animals to the xenobiotic effect of the drug. On the 20th day of the experiment, the studied white mice of the experimental groups were close to those in the control group.

Sodium hypochlorite is the active ingredient in the antiseptic “Vitosept”. The pharmacological activity of the newly created drug is due to Oxygen, which is released in the active state by the decomposition of unstable hydrochloric acid into hydrochloric acid. A study of the antiseptic effect of the drug Vitosept, conducted on a model of stencil wounds in laboratory rats, found that the speed of healing and reducing the area of skin damage in animals was not inferior to the effectiveness of the comparison drug “Dioxisol-Darnytsia”. According to the obtained results, the latter's use is more appropriate in the first phase of the wound process. In contrast, the use of “Vitosept” in the second and third phases provided acceleration of the formation of mature granulation tissue. In the experimental wounds, proliferative processes were accelerated, and connective tissue was formed with the appearance of a soft scar. The efficacy of Vitosept in the treatment of spontaneously infected wounds has been studied in dogs. For three days from the beginning of treatment in dogs, the general condition improved, body temperature decreased to 38.6 ± 0.3 °C, heart rate was 74 ± 0.6 beats/min, respiratory movements 16 ± 0.4. Positive changes were also observed in the study of wounds. Significant changes in the condition of the injuries were found on the 5th day from the start of treatment. During this period, the general condition of the animals returned to normal, body temperature, heart rate, and respiration was within physiological values. In the dogs of the experimental group, Vitosept showed a slowing of the inflammatory reaction, which was manifested by a decrease in swelling and a reduction in local temperature. The pain was still partially preserved. The amount of purulent exudate decreased significantly. The surfaces of the torn and torn wounds were covered with a small amount of exudate of liquid consistency with detritus impurities, the pH of the wound medium was 6.8 ± 0.1. The surface of the cut wounds was unevenly covered with bright red granulation tissue. At the final stage of healing, both concentric scarring and planar epithelialization were observed. In most cases, in animals of the experimental group, there was concentric scarring, which ended in the formation of a relatively small scar. And only large wounds are healed by planar epithelialization, i.e., the appearance of a wide epithelial rim. In the case of infected wounds in dogs, the drug “Vitosept” compared to animals in the control group normalized morphological and biochemical parameters of blood – erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, blood protein, and its fractions aminotransferase activity in serum. There was a normalization of the values of the leukogram, which indicated the rehabilitation processes in the whole body. As a result of studying the therapeutic efficacy of Vitosept, it was found that its topical application, on average, by 3–4 days accelerated the healing process with the formation of mature granulation tissues and epithelialization in dogs with infected wounds and provided asepsis and normalization of the studied indicators in the recovery process.

The effect of ‘Vitosept’ drug, based on sodium hypochlorite solution with high purity, obtained in a specially developed membraneless flow electrolyzer, on the embryotoxic and teratogenic properties in rats was investigated. To determine the embryotoxic effect of ‘Vitosept’ on the development of white rats offspring of the 1st generation, control and three experimental groups (G1, G2, G3) were formed from pregnant females. The females of the control group with a blunt probe were injected daily for 30 days with 5 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution, and experimental ones with 5 ml of ‘Vitosept’ drug with different concentration of high purity sodium hypochlorite: Group I (G1) — 50 mg/l; Group II (G2) — 100 mg/l; Group III (G3) — 500 mg/l. The animals were observed. During the observation the condition and behavior of the females, the dynamics of body weight change, duration of pregnancy, and the course of birth were monitored. The results of the experiment were recorded after the slaughter of pregnant females (20th day of pregnancy) and in the postnatal period of development of the offspring. Studies have shown that the use of different concentrations of the drug ‘Vitosept’ in rats for 30 days before and during pregnancy has no embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. According to the indicators of the total, pre- and postimplantation lethality of embryos, there were no reliable changes in the structure and morphometry of internal organs and tissues in 20-day-old fetuses, and their development corresponded to the terms of pregnancy. There was no significant difference between the fertility of female rats in the test and control groups. The average number of fetuses per female was within 9 animals. The rats obtained from the females of the experimental groups were viable and did not lag behind in growth and development compared with the control animals, which generally characterizes the studied drug ‘Vitosept’ as non-toxic, lacking embryotoxic and teratogenic action

The authors examined the toxicological parameters of the drug “Vitosept”, based on a solution sodium chloride, which is obtained by the diaphragm free (diaphragmless) continuous flow electrolyzer. According to the developers, the sodium chloride solution obtained in this way is the optimal carrier of active oxygen; non-toxic; it easily releases active oxygen and penetrates through protein barriers. In the course of the research, it was found that during the whole observation period, the experimental animals were active, had satisfactory appetite, responded to sound and light stimuli, and retained reflex excitability. Clinical signs of violations on the part of the respiratory and urinary tract systems, as well as disorders of the gastrointestinal tract – were absent. Inadequate reactions and death of animals – were not observed. The morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of experimental rats showed an increase in the total number of leukocytes by 19.4%, 28.6% and 33.7%, as compared to control. The erythrocyte index of intoxication in rats of the IVth experimental group increased more than twice (P < 0.05). The total protein content of blood serum of animals of the II and III groups was higher than the control values by 9.3% and 3.2%. At the same time, the increase in albumin fractions was 33.2% and 36.4%, respectively (P < 0.05). Consequently, in the course of the research, it was found that the DL50 of the drug for intragastric (rat) and intra-abdominal (white mouse) inputting is less than 1000 mg/l, and according to this index it relates it to grade IV toxicity – low-toxic compounds. The revealed individual changes in the evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood in rats and mice did not go beyond the limits of physiological parameters and most likely were compensatory in nature.

Prawo do strajku jest poddawane krytyce. Głównym argumentem przeciwników tej instytucji jest – widoczna już prima facie – jego sprzeczność z zasadą pokoju społecznego i dobra wspólnego. W szczególności wskazuje się na przestarzałość tej instytucji oraz istnienie innych metod rozwiązywania sporu, które z powodzeniem mogłyby ją zastąpić. Z tego powodu celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze dotyczące określenia relacji między prawem do strajku a zasadą pokoju społecznego. W tym celu praca z wyłączeniem wstępu, została podzielona na sześć części. Pierwsze dwie zostały poświęcone konceptualizacji pojęcia prawa do strajku i zasady pokoju społecznego. Następnie w dalszej części artykułu zagadnienia te zostały poddane analizie w aspekcie historycznym, aksjologicznym i moralno-etycznym. Po dokonaniu ustaleń, że prawo do strajku nie jest prostym zaprzeczeniem pokoju społecznego, zostało wykazane, na czym polega konstruktywna funkcja strajków w realizacji tej zasady. Następnie zostały przedstawione warunki, po zrealizowaniu których strajk może mieć pozytywny wkład w kształtowanie pokoju społecznego i dobra wspólnego. Na końcu zostały przedstawione wnioski.