The disposal of waste plastic has intensified into a massive environmental crisis. A sound disposal technology may be extremely expensive or complex in operation. As a result, experts are investigating alternative methods of recycling waste plastic. Waste plastic oils (WPO) are gaining interest as a replacement for petroleum-based fuels since they can deliver substantial performance while having a low environmental impact. The goal of this research is to look into the use of WPO in a retarded timing (RT) engine with a partially stabilized zirconium combustion chamber surface (PSZ). In addition, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) augmentation was used to realize WPO performance fully. With 20% EGR, the engine's thermal efficiency increased by 6.33%, along with the significant reduction of NOx. However, CO, HC, and smoke particle emissions increased by 4.56%, 5.76%, and 3.54%. More research on the sustainability aspects of the WPO is required before considering it as a fuel for the transportation sector.

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To-date, the usage of finite element analysis (FEA) in the area of machining operations has demonstrated to be efficient to investigate the machining processes. The simulated results have been used by tool makers and researchers to optimize the process parameters. As a 3D simulation normally would require more computational time, 2D simulations have been popular choices. In the present article, a Finite Element Model (FEM) using DEFORM 3D is presented, which was used to predict the cutting force, temperature at the insert edge, effective stress during turning of AISI 304 stainless steel. The simulated results were compared with the experimental results. The shear friction factor of 0.6 was found to be best, with strong agreement between the simulated and experimental values. As the cutting speed increased from 125 m/min to 200 m/min, a maximum value of 750 MPa stress as well as a temperature generation of 650 °C at the insert edge have been observed at rather higher feed rate and perhaps a mid level of depth of cut. Furthermore, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model is developed to predict the cutting force and temperature at the insert edge.