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The detailed information about the patients with bacterial and other infections are required to ensure the appropriate choice of treatment. Although white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein are the major immunological markers, the biomarkers elevates in acute and chronic stages of infectious diseases. In most cases, these biomarkers are providing pivotal importance to determine the etiological agent and also to differentiate bacterial and viral infections. A total of 175 confirmed bacterial including leptospirosis and 45 viral infectious blood samples and 55 healthy control samples were included. Initially total WBC counts and CRP levels were determined, further neutrophils were derived by following standard procedure. The increasing levels of TNF-α were observed in both types of infection and variations were observed among IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 in bacterial and viral infections even changes found in day of infections also. On comparing with infectious state, leptospirosis of both acute and chronic stages showed high elevation of CRP levels. Thus the levels of WBC counts, CRP and IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 are potentially able to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections.