Bone is an amazing nanocomposite tissue made of both organic (primarily collagen) and inorganic (primarily nano-hydroxyapatite [n-HA]) elements. Bone grafting is a widely used surgical technique in dental and orthopedic surgeries to enhance bone regeneration. In view of the significant drawbacks of traditional treatments, nanomaterials offer new strategies for bone regeneration. The HA with the chemical formula of Ca 10 (OH) 2 (PO4) 6 is very identical to the inorganic portion of bone. Due to its high stability and minimal solubility, it is often used in orthopedic and dental procedures. Currently, n-HA, which facilitates the growth of new bone, has garnered considerable attention because of better bioactivity and bone integration ability when compared to porous HA. This review gives comprehensive insights related to n-HA structure, chemical composition, surface modification techniques, and their application in bone tissue engineering.

A BSTRACT Dehiscence and fenestration are commonly confronted alveolar defects. But the combined mucosal and alveolar fenestration is uncommonly reported in the literature as they less often cause pain, and in majority of the cases, only aesthetic complaint is present. This article highlights the case report of a 28-year-old female patient who presented with aesthetic concern about gingival/mucosal fenestration in her right lower central incisor. She had a history of surgical endodontic treatment in the same tooth. In this case, mucosal fenestration was treated with regenerative therapy using bioactive glass with platelet-rich fibrin and free connective tissue graft. The treatment resulted in excellent aesthetic outcome and satisfactory bone healing.

Background. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to increase the generation of antimicrobial peptides like cathelicidin and defensins that may have a good impact on oral health. Higher vitamin D consumption has also been linked to a reduced risk of periodontal disease progression. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and laboratory parameters of oral supplementation of vitamin D as an adjuvant to scaling and root planing and to assess the bone mineral density via qualitative ultrasound bone density scanner in chronic periodontitis patients. Methodology. This study included 40 patients with periodontitis categorized into 2 groups with twenty patients each, Group I comprising scaling and root planing (SRP) alone and Group II comprising SRP along with vitamin D supplementation. Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss was measured as clinical parameters. Serum vitamin D levels were assessed before and after SRP at both baseline and 6 weeks. Results. The intergroup comparison of clinical parameters (PI, GI, PPD, and CAL) at 6 weeks for both the groups showed statistical significance. Intragroup comparison of clinical parameters from baseline to 6 weeks showed a statistically significant reduction in both groups. The mean bone mineral density level in both the control and test groups demonstrated a mean T score of –1.3 and –1.21, respectively. The mean vitamin D levels were 27.8460 and 28.1020 for the test and control groups, respectively, which was statistically insignificant ( p = 0.705 ) and those at six-week intervals improved to 31.3650 and 28.0240 which were statistically significant ( p ≤ 0.001 ). Conclusion. It could be stated that a positive relationship exists between periodontitis and osteopenia which could aggravate periodontal destruction. All periodontitis cases should thus be evaluated for BMD and supplemented with vitamin D3 in an appropriate dosage and time frame to treat both these diseases.

Aim:The present study was conducted to evaluate the serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, total protein, and IgG levels in elderly patients who were affected by periodontal disease.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted at the Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital in the periodontics division. The study was conducted for a period of 3 months. This study is a prospective analytical study. Sixty individuals who were systemically healthy in the age group of 50 and above were included in this study. Control and experimental groups of 30 participants each were included. Plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss were recorded. Biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, total protein, and IgG levels were also evaluated and correlated with the periodontal parameters. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The relationship between periodontal status and the biochemical parameters such as serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, total protein, and IgG levels were evaluated by Student's t-test.Results:There was no significant difference in the plaque and gingival scores between the experimental and control group. It was observed that serum cholesterol level and total protein level was lower in participants suffering from chronic periodontitis. Triglycerides level was significantly elevated in the experimental group. IgG, a level which is not significant, concluded that there is no difference in control and experimental group.Conclusion:It was concluded from the results obtained from the study that there is an association between serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, total protein, and periodontal disease. However, further longitudinal and well-controlled studies are required to evaluate the relationship between these biochemical parameters and periodontal disease.

Background: Multiple gingival recession (MGR) coverage, especially in esthetic area, demands a high patient satisfaction. Coronally advanced flap modifications, namely Zucchelli's technique (ZT) and vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA), are techniques, recommended in the correction of MGR. Aim: The purpose was to comparatively analyze the ZT and VISTA technique reinforced with the platelet-rich fibrin membrane in the management of MGR. Materials and Methods: This split-mouth, randomized study comprised 16 consenting, systemically healthy participants. The bilateral Miller's multiple class I and II lesions were managed with ZT and VISTA technique and had a follow-up period of 18 months. Gingival thickness (GT), mean percentage of root coverage, and patient-centered outcome scales, including patient comfort score, patient esthetic score, and hypersensitivity score, were the primary outcome measures. Further clinical parameters assessed were gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and width of keratinized gingiva. Statistical Analysis and Results: Paired t -test and unpaired t -test were used for intragroup comparison and intergroup analysis, respectively. While both the techniques exhibited high root coverage percentage (VISTA: 93.95% and ZT: 96.84%), statistically significant difference was noted with patient esthetic score and surgical mortality score in VISTA. Conclusion: Both ZT and VISTA were effective in terms of root coverage and GT augmentation in MGR management. From the patient's perspective, they preferred VISTA technique over ZT, stating its minimal postoperative morbidity and improved esthetic outcome. Hence, within the limitations of this study, the VISTA technique was found to be a superior alternative compared to that of ZT in MGR management.