An improved Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm with differential evolution (DEGWO) combined with fuzzy C-means for complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation was proposed for the disadvantages of traditional optimization and fuzzy C-means (FCM) in image segmentation precision. In the process of image segmentation based on FCM algorithm, the number of clusters and initial centers estimation is regarded as a search procedure that searches for an appropriate value in a greyscale interval. Hence, an improved differential evolution Grey Wolf Optimization (DE-GWO) algorithm is introduced to search for the optimal initial centers; then the image segmentation approach which bases its principle on FCM algorithm will get a better result. Experimental results in this work infers that both the precision and efficiency of the proposed method are superior to those of the state of the art.

The effects of process parameters on microstructural evolution, including grain size and shape factor of the a solid particles during semisolid compression of an Al-4Cu-Mg alloy, were investigated. Experiments were conducted at deformation temperatures of 540, 560 and 580uC, strain rates of 0?001, 0?01, 0?1 and 1 s 21 , and height reductions of 20, 40 and 60%. All of the optical micrographs and quantitative metallography showed that deformation process parameters significantly affect the microstructure during semisolid compression of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy, which appears to have a fuzzy characteristic. According to the experimental results from the semisolid compression of Al-4Cu-Mg alloy, a model has been established to describe microstructural evolution by applying a fuzzy set and artificial neural network, which integrates the learning power of neural networks with fuzzy inference systems. The model presented in the present paper can be applied to predict the microstructural changes at deformation temperatures of 540-580uC and strain rates of 0?001-1 s 21 . The maximum relative difference of grain size is 9?34%. The predicted results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.