. 2006. Influence of tillage and liquid swine manure on productivity of a soybean-barley rotation and some properties of a fine sandy loam in Prince Edward Island. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: [741][742][743][744][745][746][747][748]. Interactions between tillage management for manure incorporation and rate of manure application may influence crop productivity and soil properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquid swine (Sus scrofa L.) manure (LSM) applied at three N rates (40, 80, 160 kg ha -1 ), compared with mineral N fertilizer, in a 2-yr barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation, incorporated by two tillage methods (chisel plough and disc), on crop yield and quality and some soil properties, especially C parameters. The LSM was applied every second year in the spring, prior to barley seeding. The study was conducted over a 5-yr period on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Prince Edward Island. The experimental design was a split-plot with four replicates. Soil samples (0-60 cm) were obtained at the termination of the study to determine residual effects of the LSM on soil properties. The two methods of LSM incorporation had no differential effect on crop response. Generally, increasing the application rate of LSM increased the barley yield, but had no effect on grain N concentration. A residual effect on crop grain yield for the high rate of LSM was evident in the soybean year. Crop response to LSM was similar to that of mineral fertilizer. Application operations for LSM had no adverse effect on soil strength or soil bulk density. Soil properties (microbial biomass C, carbohydrates, water-stable aggregates) were not greatly influenced by LSM application, however, increases in particulate C (POM-C) were evident for the high LSM rate at the 10-to 30-cm soil depth. The study showed that for fine sandy loams in Prince Edward Island low to medium rates of LSM applied every second year could serve as a source of N for barley in barley-soybean rotations. . Les amendements ont été incorporés au sol de deux manières : par charrue à ciseau et par charrue à disques). Le PP a été appliqué un an sur deux au printemps, avant l'ensemencement de l'orge. L'étude a duré cinq ans et s'est déroulée sur un fin loam sablonneux (podzol orthique humo-ferrique) de Charlottetown, à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard. L'expérience portait sur des parcelles divisées et comptait quatre répétitions. À la fin de l'expérience, les auteurs ont prélevé des échantillons de sol (0 à 60 cm de profondeur) afin d'établir les effets résiduels du PP sur les propriétés du sol. La culture ne réagit pas de manière différente aux deux méthodes d'incorporation du PP. En général, le taux d'application du PP accroît le rendement de l'orge sans modifier la concentration de N dans le grain. L'année de l'assolement soja, le taux d'application du PP le plus élevé a eu un effet résiduel sur le rendement grainier. La culture réagit de la même façon au PP et à l'amendement minéral. Le travail du sol néc...
Carter, M. R. 2007. Long-term influence of compost on available water capacity of a fine sandy loam in a potato rotation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 535-539. An improved soil physical structure, associated with organic amendments in crop rotations, can be viewed as an emergent property. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of applied compost on soil water retention and available water capacity, and other associative soil properties in a long-term 3-yr potato rotation established on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Prince Edward Island. Soil samples (0-10 cm) were obtained from two crop phases (barley and potato) during the fourth cycle of the rotation (after four compost applications) in the 12th year of the experiment. Except for particulate N, compost had little effect on soil organic matter. In comparison to the barley phase, a combination of compost and surface tillage in the potato phase was associated with improved soil porosity parameters and increased soil water contents at -33 kPa ("field capacity"), -100 and -300 kPa matric potential, compared with the no-compost control. These results indicate that compost stabilized the tillage induced soil aggregates and macro-porosity in the potato phase. Regression analysis showed that soil volumetric water content at both -33 and -1500 kPa matric potential was significantly related to soil C concentration, although the soil available water capacity remained unchanged. The results imply that the "non-nutrient" compost effect on potato productivity was related to soil water retention.Key words: Soil water retention, soil physical and biochemical properties, compost amendment, tillage, potato rotation, eastern CanadaCarter, M. R. 2007. Incidence à long terme du compost sur la rétention d'eau dans un fin loam sablonneux employé pour la culture en assolement de la pomme de terre. Can. J. Soil Sci. 87: 535-539. Une meilleure structure du sol combinée à l'addition d'un amendement organique au moment de l'assolement pourrait être considérée comme une nouvelle propriété des sols. Les auteurs ont tenté de préciser les conséquences de l'application de compost sur la rétention d'eau et la quantité d'eau disponible ainsi que sur les propriétés connexes du sol dans le contexte d'un long assolement de trois ans avec culture de pommes de terre sur un fin loam sablonneux Charlottetown (podzol orthique humo-ferrique), à l'Île-du-Prince-Édouard. Pour cela, ils ont prélevé des échantillons de sol (0 à 10 cm de profondeur) à deux étapes de l'assolement (culture d'orge et de pomme de terre), au quatrième cycle (après quatre applications de compost), la douzième année de l'expérience. Le compost agit peu sur la matière organique du sol, outre le N particulaire. Comparativement à ce qui se produit avec l'orge, l'addition de compost et le travail du sol en surface lors de la culture de la pomme de terre rehaussent les paramètres de la porosité du sol et accroissent la concentration d'eau dans le sol aux potentiels matriciels de -33 kPa (capacité du terrai...
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