Background: The WHO has defined KMC as early, continuous, and prolonged skin-to-skin contact between the mother and preterm babies. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the most important essential components of Kangaroo Mother Care in preterm babiesMethods:   This a cross sectional study, 265 consecutive premature newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between May 2015 and May 2016 in KIMS NICU Hospital in Bengaluru were evaluated. All of candidate mothers were educated for KMC and compared with a CMC group.Results: In this study 159 mothers performed kangaroo mother care (KMC group) versus 106 in conventional method care (CMC group). In KMC group exclusive breast feeding was 99 (65.2%) versus 40 (37.7%), and P = .00 in CMC group, at the time of hospital discharge. Receiving KMC, and gestational age were the only effective factors predicting exclusive breastfeeding. Present result indicated that there was a 2.7 time increase in exclusive breastfeeding by KMC, and also weekly increase in gestational age increased it 0.9 times, but maternal age, birth weight, mode of delivery, and 5-minute Apgar score had no influence.Conclusions:  KMC is more effective, and increases exclusive breast feeding successfully. It can be a good substitution for CMC (conventional methods of   care). It is a safe, effective, and feasible method of care for LBWI even in the NICU settings.

INTRODUCTIONHypothyroidism is widely prevalent in pregnant women and the rate of detection, especially in a developing country like India, has not kept pace with the magnitude of the problem. Since hypothyroidism is easily treated, timely detection and treatment of the disorder could reduce the burden of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes, which are very commonly encountered.Pregnancy influences thyroid function in multiple ways. Maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis undergo a series of adjustments, fetus develops its own HPT axis and the placenta plays an active role in iodide and T4 transport and metabolism. Thus, an integrated three-compartment thyroid model exists during gestation.1 Early in pregnancy estrogen promotes production of a more highly sialylated T4-binding globulin isoform that is less rapidly degraded, resulting in increased serum T4-binding globulin and T4 concentrations. The thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) begins to increase early in the first trimester, plateaus during midgestation, and persists until shortly after delivery. This increased TBG concentration leads to an expansion of the extra-thyroidal pool and results in elevated total T3 and T4 levels. A high circulating HCG level in the first trimester leads to HCG cross-reactivity with the TSH receptor, resulting in temporary increase in free T4 and partial suppression of TSH. The final physiologic change results from placental deiodination of maternal T4, which increases T4 turnover. In normal pregnant women, the thyroid gland maintains euthyroidism with only minor fluctuations in serum T4 and TSH. However, in women with limited thyroid reserve, due to thyroid autoimmunity or iodine ABSTRACT Background: Hypothyroidism is widely prevalent in pregnant women and the rate of detection, especially in a developing country like India, has not kept pace with the magnitude of the problem. The present study was conducted to evaluate thyroid function in neonates born to mothers with hypothyroidism. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in KIMS Hospital Tertiary care center for 6 months. A total of 106 neonates born to mothers with hypothyroidism were included in the study. Thyroid functions of these babies were assessed at 72 hours of life. Results: In present study, 11.8 % of mothers were hypothyroid of which 87 % were subclinical hypothyroidism and 13 % of overt hypothyroidism due to adaptation of universal screening rather than targeted screening for hypothyroidism which would otherwise go unrecognised and untreated. Conclusions: All the babies had normal TSH and T4 levels which was probably due to early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment to the mothers with hypothyroidism.

Chediak Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder characterized by frequent infections, oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis and progressive neurologic deterioration. In 85% of cases, CHS patients develop the accelerated phase characterized by pancytopenia, high fever, and lymphohistiocytic infiltration of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Treatment of accelerated-phase CHS is difficult and the prognosis is poor. Here, we report a case of CHS in a 1-year-old girl who presented in the accelerated phase of the disease. CHS diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical characteristics, hair analysis and identification of pathognomonic giant azurophilic granules in peripheral blood smear.

Background: Meconium Aspiraion Syndrome (MAS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among newborns in the developing world. Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) occurs in approximately 13% of all live births.Methods: This was a prospective observational study to assess the risk factors related with MSAF deliveries and MAS. All the details regarding mode of delivery, APGAR score (AS), birth weight, fetal distress, maternal age, any maternal illness, gestational age, clinical course, outcome was recorded and evaluated.Results: In the present study total of 100 babies born through MSAF were included of which the incidence of respiratory distress was noted in 62% (62 babies).Conclusions: Appropriate monitoring of respiratory distress at birth and assessing the high-risk cases will surely help in reducing the morbidity and mortality in vigorous babies born through MSAF.