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Globally, Soil erosion is the major land degradation problem, which impacts seriously on economic and environmental status. Geospatial techniques support and provided quantitative approach to estimate soil erosion in different conditions. In the present study, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated with GIS has been used to estimate soil loss in the part of coastal Odisha system. The study area, Ganjam block have undulating topography covering 0-35% slopes. The quantitative soil loss was estimated and classified into different classes and soil erosion map was generated. The soil erosion map is classified into seven classes from very slight (<5 t ha-1 yr-1) to extremely severe (>80 t ha-1 yr-1). The results indicate that 90.9% (22330 ha) of the study area falls in very low erosion category, which may be due to level topography and regular vegetation cover. The other erosion classes such as moderate, high and very high erosion occurred in the range of 2.12%, 2.23% and 1.49 %, respectively. The high soil erosion risk is spatially situated in the foothills and upper steep slope of the area. The results can certainly aid in implementation of soil management and conservation practices to reduce the soil erosion in the coastal Odisha regions of Eastern India.

This study attempts to find out the significance of demographic factors of population such as gender, age, education, occupation, income, savings and family size over several elements of investment decisions like priorities based on characteristics of investments, period of investment, reach of information source, frequency of investment and analytical abilities. The study was made by conducting a survey in Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu, South India and the statistical inferences were deduced using computer software tools. The study reveals that the demographic factors have a significant influence over some of the investment decision elements and insignificant in others elements too. The study also discloses a general view of investors perception over various investment avenues.