INTRODUCTIONIn the developing countries, 60-80% of health problems are due to self-medication 1 and the drugs are dispensed over the counter without medical supervision.2 There is an increase in the trend for self-care which resulted in self-medication with powerful drugs including drug combinations.3 People resort to self-medication since it's a lower cost alternative for people who cannot afford the cost of clinical service. Studies have revealed that the increase in self-medication was due to a number of factors. These included socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, ready access to drugs, the increased potential to manage certain illnesses through self-care, and greater availability of medicinal products. 2Analgesic self-medication is widely prevalent among undergraduate medical students. A study conducted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi observed that self-medication was considerably high among undergraduate medical and paramedical students in India and it increased with medical knowledge. 4 Pain problems are important reasons for self-medication of analgesics. One of the most common complaints for the use of analgesic self-medication is headache. Around 25% ABSTRACT Background: Self-medication with analgesics is widely practiced among medical students. Self-medication is defined as "the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms." It assumes a special significance among the undergraduate medical students as they are aware of the available analgesic medications. Our study would evaluate the pattern of analgesic self-medication among undergraduate medical students of Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), BG Nagar. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was done from January to March 2014 among undergraduate medical students, AIMS, BG Nagar. 218 students consented for the study out of 250 students and filled in the questionnaire. 20 incomplete questionnaires were excluded and the remaining 198 were analyzed. Results: Our study showed that 63.6% of the students practiced analgesic selfmedication. 68.2% sought self-medication for headache followed by body pain (9.7%), low backache (5.1%), fever (4.5%) and joint pain (3.8%). Paracetamol was used by 47.2%, diclofenac by 20.5%, ibuprofen by 7.5%, aspirin by 6.8%, and aceclofenac by 4.1%. Self-medication was based on the use of previous prescriptions in 42.1% of the students and textbook knowledge in 39.1% of the students. 26.4% students complained that pain reduced concentration in studies. 61.6% students stated the mild nature of illness as the reason for self-medication. 91.9% of the students felt that self-medication is a part of self-care. 61.2% of the students were aware of the side-effects of the analgesic medications. Conclusion: Our study shows that self-medication with analgesics is high among the undergraduate medical students of this institute. Although it is an easy way to treat mild to moderate pain, it may be accompanied with side effects, drug interac...

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Antioxidant activity of Hydrophila auriculata leaf extract and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were carried out for proving its utility in free radical mediated diseases. The flower extract and silver nanoparticles were screened for in vitro antioxidant activity by oxygen radical scavenging such as DPPH, total antioxidant assay and superoxide radical scavenging activity at different concentrations. The antioxidant potential was found to be dose dependent. AgNPs possess probable antioxidant activity as compared with Hydrophila auriculata leaf extract and near to the standard. It is an obvious indication that the resulting activity of the AgNPs is not due to any capping agents, which are found in minute amounts but is due to the elemental silver.

Background: Anxiety is a normal emotional behavior, however, becomes pathological precipitating cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders when it is severe. Many allopathic drugs are available to treat anxiety disorders, among which benzodiazepines are most commonly used which possess various systemic side effects. Aims and Objectives: In our study, we have attempted to evaluate new compound Ocimum sanctum (OS) in the hope of identifying the anxiolytics with fewer side effects as many plant products have been claimed to be free from side effects and less toxic than synthetic drugs. Materials and Methods: The anxiolytic activity of ethanolic extract of OS is evaluated with two validated modes, elevated plus maze and light and dark exploration test. A total of 60 animals (n = 60) were used. They were divided into five groups of six animals each for both models. The effects of the test drug OS at three different doses 1.75, 4.25, and 8.5 mg/kg were compared with the standard anxiolytic diazepam at 1 mg/kg dose and control group using 1% gum acacia at 10 ml/kg dose 1 h after administration of the drug. Results: The behavioral changes in both paradigms are suggestive of decreased anxiety, decreased aversion to light and increased exploratory behavior of the animal which is comparable changes produced by the standard drug diazepam concluding that OS has anxiolytic activity. Conclusion: OS has potential clinical application in the management of anxiety disorders. Further investigation of the mechanism/mechanisms of action of the plant extract, as well as the active substance/substances responsible for its biological actions, is necessary.

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