This study discussed the eastern healing practice in Sakai Batin Sobanga at Sobanga Asal Hamlet, Bengkalis, Riau.  Sakai tribe is well known in the community for its healing practices. Badike is a ritual that has been widely studied from various disciplines, while the ritual practices of other Sakai tribes are not widely known. This is a qualitative study with an ethnographic approach, in which the researchers stayed for two months in Kasumbu Ampai Village, Sobanga Hamlet, Mandau District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau. Data were taken through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with informants. The informants were bomo and several community leaders. The data were analyzed descriptively and then written in the form of narrative using Kalangie and Foster’s eastern healing theory to get a general trend. This study found that the medical practice in the Sakai Batin Sobanga tribe is an integral system, so that a ritual is precondition for the next one. Badike ritual cannot be carried out if personal healing ritual, tetomeh ritual, baulin and jungkul ritual have not been carried out. The Badike ritual is the last stage of the Sakai Tribal healing practice in Batin Sobanga. Religion-based healing and western medicine practices are also found in Batin Sobanga. Bomo is always open to his patients and gives them a space to go to a doctor or tuan guru. This research contributes to the anthropology of health, ethnomedicine, especially its novelty about the process of medical practice in the Sakai Tribe in Batin Sobanga.

This research discussed the Kampong Adat in Minas Barat Village, Minas District, Siak Regency. Regional Regulation Number 2 concerning the determination of Kampong Adat had issued since 2015. However, the completeness of requirements for the Ministry of Home Affairs approval has not been completed until November 2021. This study used an ethnography design; the researcher lived in the research site for two months. The data were collected by participatory observation, in-depth interviews with selected informants due to their knowledge and experience in the establishment of Kampong Adat. The data were analyzed descriptively by discussing with theory and resulted in the general trend as this research's findings. This research found, first, Since Minas Barat Village of determined as Kampong Adat, the community of Sakai Tribe have been minority citizen. Second, the Sakai community has some difficulties preparing the complete requirements for approval of the Ministry of Home Affairs because there are many interests involved in the village. Third, the government has not given severe attempts for Kampong Adat. The government let the completeness of approval has not yet been fulfilled for almost seven years. This study contributed to the anthropology of policy, specifically for indigenous peoples, in issuing affirmative policies to fulfill the rights of indigenous peoples.

This study discussed toke as an economic institution in the village. Sociologically, toke is always studied through a patron-client approach that causes peasant households to always be in poverty. While the author's experience received social and economic support from toke. This is an ethnographic study, the researcher stayed with toke for more than a year. Researchers conducted engaged participation in all toke activities, observation of the entire area of Parit Baru village and in-depth interviews with selected informants. The study found that toke is a village economic institution that plays a role not only economically but also socially by ensuring the continuity of household consumption through debt. Toke requires 4 rounds of capital to stay on as a toke and always add clients through debt. If toke tidan is able to meet the demand for a loan of money from its client, then automatically the existing debt is considered to be paid off. This research contributes to rural socioeconomic studies, particularly to client patron theory. That the toke is not only a sucker for farmers but also as a guarantor of the slimness of household consumption.

This study is about the transformation of the Sakai tribe regarding changes in the natural, socio-economic and political environment. The Sakai tribe has blended in with the community, owning companies, and holding political as well as government positions. Sakai now is the ‘new Sakai’ that is different from the ‘old Sakai’ stereotyped as backward, stupid, and introvert. The purpose of this paper is to describe the response of the Sakai tribe towards changes through their identity construction. We used ethnography as a method and the data was obtained by living in five kebatinan. The researcher lived at the research location, observed the situation, conducted in-depth interviews and had continuous discussions with the participant to deepen their understanding of the data. The data obtained was then then analyzed descriptively by discussing Warren's theory of identity construction and adaptation theory. This study found that the Sakai people adapt significantly to changes in the natural, socio-economic and political environment. One of the sources of this adaptability comes from education, that since the reformation, the Sakai people have massively made educational efforts for their younger generation. This study concludes that every community has the ability to adapt to changes in its environment based on the knowledge possessed by that community.