Nine studies find that people believe their money has greater purchasing power than the same quantity of others' money. Using a variety of products from socks to clocks to chocolates, we found that participants thought the same amount of money could buy more when it belonged to themselves versus others -a pattern that extended to undesirable products. Participants also believed their money -in the form of donations, taxes, fines, and fees -would help charities/governments more than others' money. We tested six mechanisms based on psychological distance, the endowment effect, wishful thinking, better-than-average biases, painof-payment, and beliefs about product preferences. Only a psychological distance mechanism received support. Specifically, we found that the perceived purchasing power of other people's money decreased logarithmically as others' psychological distance from the self increased, consistent with psychological distance's subadditive property. Further supporting a psychological distance mechanism, we found that framing one's own money as distant (vs. near) reduced the self-other difference in perceived purchasing power. Our results suggest that beliefs about the value of money depend on who owns it, and we discuss implications for marketing, management, psychology, and economics.
SynopsisNative calf thymus DNA was sheared by sonication in a viscous solvent to the molecular-weight range from 3 x lo4 to 3 x lo5 daltons, and fractionated by gel chromatography. Number and weight average molecular weights (a, and aw) were determined for individual fractions by electron microscopy; the ratio a,,,/~@,, for the peak fraction is approximately 1.1. Sedimentation coefficients (so~o.,) of these fractionated samplesshow an approximately linear dependence on the logarithm of the molecular weight a,.This behavior is that expected for rodlike molecules, and is in quantitative agreement with the theory ol Yamakawa and Fujii [(1973) Macromolecules 6, 407-4!5] for the sedimentajion coefficient of a wormlike chain with a per$stence length of 625 A, a diameter of 25 A, and a mass per unit length of 195 daltons/A. It appears that the wormlike coil model, without excluded volume, can represent the sedimentation behavior of DNA over the entire conformational range from rigid rod to flexible coil, using the above parameters.Equilibrium melting curves were determined for various fractions in aqueous 2.4 M tetraethylammonium bromide. A substantial broadening of the transition and decrease of the melting temperature were observed with decreasing molecular weight. Empirical expressions have been obtained relating both the transition temperature and breadth in this solvent to molecular weight.
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