Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XP) is a chronic and unusual inflammatory-infectious disease with acute episodes involving renal parenchyma. Most cases appear in medium aged women. Histopathologic study offers the accurate diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy avoids septic complications. Total or partial nephrectomy is the definitive treatment. We propose nephrostomy because it facilitates the microbiological diagnosis and surgery (nephrectomy).
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