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We present the concept of ZOOM NAVIGATION, a new interaction paradigm to cope with visualization and navigation problems as lound in large information and application spaces. It is based on the pluggab/e zoom, an object-oriented component derived lYom the variable zoom fisheye algorithm.Working with a limited screen space we apply a degree-q/L interest (DOI) fimction to guide the level of detail used in presenting information. Furthermore we determine the user's information and navigation needs by analysing the interaction history. This leads to the definition of the aspect-q/Linteres't (AOI) function. The AOI is evaluated in order to choose one of the several inlbrmation aspects, under which an item can be studied. This allows us to change navigational q[/brdanee and thereby enhance navigation.In this paper we describe the ideas behind the pluggable zoom and the definition of DO1 and AOI functions. The application of these fimctions is demonstrated within two case studies, the ZOOM ILLUSTRATOR and the ZOOM NAVIGATOR. We discuss our experience with these implemented systems.

Sophie is an authoring tool for interactive multimedia books. The Sophie user can combine different kinds of media and synchronize them with events and time. Such highly interactive systems are difficult to design and to implement. The large amount of functionality provided has to be balanced with a significant ease of use. The standard software engineering approaches for the construction of large software systems are insufficient concerning the special requirements of interactive systems. The Tools and Materials pattern language is an alternative approach to design interactive systems. This paper exemplifies the use and benefits of Tools and Materials by the Sophie application.

Active content in multimedia documents helps the reader to grasp the implications of nonlinear and complex systems that are difficult to understand in a text-based description. The readers are able to make their own experiments by changing the underlying rules of these systems. The multimedia authoring environment Sophie has limited capabilities for authoring active dynamic contents. For that reason we integrated a tile scripting system based on Tweak Etoys in Sophie. In SophieScript scripts can be embedded into the text and the reader changes them via direct graphical manipulation. With the implemented tile scripting system the user can easily create dynamic content and, at the same time, make use of the multimedia and text capabilities of Sophie.

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