All natural-parity states of 18 0 have been studied with high accuracy with the 14 C( 7 Li, ty) ls O coincidence and 14 Cfo,y) 18 0 radiative-capture reactions. The four-particle, twohole 0 2 + , 1", 2 3 + , and 3 3~ states deexcite with consecutive enhanced El and E2 crossover transitions having B (El) ^ 10~2 Weisskopf units (W.u.) and B(E2) ^ 20 W.u. These data suggest the existence of an a + 14 C dipole band in 18 0 similar to those discussed recently by Iachello and Jackson.PACS numbers: 21.60. Gx, 21.10.Pc, 23.20.Ck, 27.20.+n The A = 18 system is an attractive one for study of nuclear structure 1 in that it gives access to both charge symmetry and charge independence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, as well as interplay of the single-particle and deformed collective-quadrupole degrees of freedom. 2 " 4 Indeed, the coexistence of core-excitation deformed states [e.g., the four-particle, two-hole (4p-2h) 0 2 + state at 3.63 in 18 0] and simple twoparticle shell-model states is now well established in 18 0.Recently, it has been suggested 5 that certain nuclei may display an altogether new collective degree of freedom. When the nucleus can be described as a dinuclear molecular system, as this suggestion implies, the relevant degree of freedom is the separation vector of the nuclear centers and the pertinent variables are the length of this vector and two of the three Euler angles which define its spatial orientation. The dinuclear molecular system can be described by a classical geometrical description 6 as well as a group-theoretical algebraic picture. 5 In this latter case the molecular spectra are considered to be generated by one S boson and three P u (-1 ^ /! ^1) bosons, the generators of U(4). Two quite distinct physical situations are possible. In the first, the participant nuclei do not themselves deform and only the length of the separation vector undergoes oscillation while the entire system can rotate about its center of mass. Such motion would be expected to lead to a conventional vibration-rotation spectra involving rotational bands having spin sequences 0 + , 1", 2 + , 3", 4 + , etc.; additionally it would be expected that enhanced collective El intraband transitions would be observed in non-self-conjugate systems. 7 In the second physical situation the participant nuclei interpenetrate as the separation vector oscillates. Such motion can give rise to a spectrum having equidistant multiplets of dipole vibrational character and again enhanced collective El transitions (between states of different multiplets) are predicted in non-self-conjugate systems. 7 Recently this enhancement of the radiative widths of transitions linking molecular states has been examined in a model-independent fashion 6 and sum rules have been derived for El, E2, and E3 transitions. These sum rules together with the usual Wigner limits of reduced widths for particle decay of the presumed molecular states provide an effective signature for such structure as well as a measure of the degree of collective enhancement. They a...

The alpha-particle transfer reaction ' C('Li, ty) "0 was used to study gamma deexcitation modes in "0 at a bombarding energy EL = 15 MeV. In this measurement 4 X 10 triton-gamma coincidence events were collected. All natural parity states up to the alpha-particle threshold at 6.227 MeV were studied. These data together with our previously published study of states above threshold, using the a+ ' C radiative capture reaction, provide relatively complete spectroscopic information on states in "0 up to 8.3 MeV in excitation energy. Previously reported major gamma decay branching ratios were remeasured with higher accuracy and good agreement is found. Several new weak deexcitation modes are reported. Enhanced E1 decays, B{E1)-= 10 Weisskopf unit, were observed among the J =0~+, I&, 12, 23+, and 33 states, representing some of the most enhanced E1 s found in even-even nuclei. A strong empirical correlation between enhanced E1 decays and cluster structure is established. These enhanced B(E1)'s suggest a selective deexcitation mode in which the states involved preferentially decay to cluster states. The cluster states are strongly populated in cluster transfer reactions and weakly populated in (t,p) reactions. Predictions of the vibron cluster model are compared with our data. The presence in our data of contaminant lines from ' C( Li, a)' N allowed extraction of some information on ' N.

Evidence for the presence of alpha-particle clustering in 218 Ra comes from a number of observables: binding energy, S 2n9 Q a , ^(J^), 6 a 2 , and F a . That this clustering is a signature for the new dipole collectivity suggested by Iachello and Jackson follows from observation of simultaneous enhancement of selected El 9 E2, and E3 deexcitation transition matrix elements; of these the El enhancement is most pronounced as would be expected for dipole collectivity.PACS numbers: 21.10. Re, 21.60.Gx, 27.80,+w The existence of alpha clustering in the lowlying states of light nuclei, particularly in the 16 O-20 Ne region, is now well established. 1 Recently published 2 systematics for ground-state alpha-particle widths for heavy nuclei also indicate large reduced alpha-particle widths in the vicinity of the Z= 50 and 82 shell closures. It bears noting that the largest ground-state reduced alpha-particle width for any heavy nucleus yet reported is that 2 for 218 Ra; it exhausts 75% of the Wigner sum-rule limit. These large groundstate reduced widths (0 a 2 ) suggest that configurations such as a +A 2 may indeed exist in the vicinity of shell closures. If the overlap between the alpha cluster and the core nucleus (A 2 ) is small (as suggested by the large 9 a 2 ), it may be appropriate to view these states as physically real molecular alpha-particle cluster states. Such states could then be viewed as the nuclear equivalents of the HBr or HI diatomic molecules which also invoice consitituents of very different sizes.Recently, the possible importance of such alphaparticle clustering in heavy nuclei was emphasized and a phenomenological description was proposed 3 in which the cluster states are associated with a new molecular dipole degree of freedom. 4 The model is developed within the context of a spectrum-generating algebra to emphasize the intrinsic symmetries involved; in this case the cluster is characterized by the length and orientation of the vector separating the a. and A 2 centers of mass and thus is associated with a dipole degree of freedom and with 5 and P (-1 ^ l± ^1) bosons-the generators of U(4).In addition to such molecular states it would be expected, of course, to find the normal quadrupole collective states in the low-energy excitation spectra of these heavy nuclei-and indeed dipole and quadrupole states having the same J 7r would be expected to mix. The result of such mixing of the normal quadrupole ground-state band having a sequence 0 + , 2 + , 4 + , 6 + ,..., and the molecular dipole band 3 having sequence 0 + , 1 ~, 2 + , 3", 4 + ,... then leads to low-lying 1" states, as observed, 5 a sequence 0 + , 2 + , 1", 4 + , 3", again as observed, as well as large ground-state alphaparticle reduced widths and small relative alphaparticle hindrance factors for excited states. In addition, higher-lying states-0 2 + , 2 2 ,-with small hindrance factors are expected. For highspin states it remains possible that the mixing of the ground-state band and the cluster band may not be as important, leaving the i...

The 180 c.m. excitation function of the elastic and inelastic scattering of ' C on a Mg target has been measured between 12and 27-MeV c.m. energy. A statistical analysis of the data has been performed and it has turned out that the presence of intermediate structures cannot be completely ruled out in the compound dinuclear system Ar. Unfortunately, a complete phase shift analysis of several elastic scattering angular distributions measured on the maxima of these resonant structures shows that no spin assignment can be made. Therefore these intermediate structures appear to be spoiled by a more complex statistical resonance noise. At low incident energy, the Blair phase rule for oscillations in angular distributions is verified between the first 2+ target inelastic scattering and the elastic scattering. NUCLEAR REACTIONS Measured elastic and inelastic excitationfunctions at |9, =180' for ' C+ Mg, 12~E, m &27 MeV. Deduced average width and autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions of the observed structure. Complete phase shift analysis of the elastic angular distributions measured at 24.8, 27.70, 28.60, 31.20, and 34.80 MeV ' C incident energy; angular range 10' to 180' c.m. Inelastic scattering data at the same energies. Partial observation of the Blair phase rule.

High-re solution total reaction excitation functions for 16 0+ l? C and detailed angular distributions for the reaction 12 C( ie O, a) 24 Mg have been measured. The interplay between (fifteen) resonance amplitudes and /-window (background) amplitudes is emphasized. Spin assignments, obtained from the a Q data, are dominated by values of §h~ and 9H while the grazing partial wave varies from I = 5 to 1= 10 over the energy range studied. Elastic widths for the low-energy resonances indicate a dinuclear molecular nature; higher-energy resonances appear to originate from a more complex nuclear configuration.PACS numbers: 25.70. Ef, 21.60.Gx, 24.30.He, 25.70.Gh Recent experimental investigations 1 reveal that resonance phenomena are ubiquitous in light heavy-ion collisions. As part of our ongoing systematic study of molecular phenomena in nuclei, and because we wished to test further the apparent validity of the U(4) model 2 of binary nuclear molecular systems 3 that had been applied with considerable success to the 12 C + 12 C system, 4 we have undertaken a detailed study of the 16 0 + 12 C system.Measurement of the total reaction cross section via gamma-ray yields indicates the presence of fifteen resonances in the energy region from 7 to 15 MeV (cm.). Angular momentum assignments were made to the structures from 10.3 to 14.0 MeV from measurements on detailed alpha-particle angular distributions from the reaction 12 C( 16 0, a 0 ) 24 Mg. Resonance spins in this region were found to be dominated by values of SH and 9H despite a change of the grazing partial wave from I = 5 to 10 over the same region. Elastic partial widths have been extracted and a comparison of the corresponding reduced widths with the Wigner limit indicates an apparent bifurcation in the nature of the observed resonance states. Those at energies below the Coulomb barrier show large fractions of the Wigner limit suggesting that they can be understood as dinuclear molecular states of the compound system strongly coupled to the entrance channel. Such binary systems are the ones to which the U(4) model 2 would be expected to be applicable. Above the barrier, the reduced widths exhaust a much smaller fraction of the Wigner limit suggesting that these resonances correspond to other, more complex nuclear configurations, not of the binary (dinuclear) character.The total reaction cross section was measured in ~ 50-keV steps from 7 to 15 MeV (cm.) via gamma-ray yields from residual reaction products. Thin 5-10 jig/cm 2 12 C targets on thick Au backings (~ 3 mg/cm 2 ) were used. The data were normalized with use of Rutherford scattering. The total reaction cross section, thus determined, is shown in Fig. 1, together with that extracted from the elastic scattering of 16 0 + 12 C by use of the sum of differences method 5 as well as the total fusion cross section. 6 Our data cannot include any exit channels leaving both reaction products in their ground states (e.g., states in 20 Ne that predominantly decay to a + 16 0). Thus they are of smaller absolute norm...