Abstrak. Histosol merupakan tanah organik yang terbentuk dari kumpulan bahan-bahan organik seperti serasah tumbuhan yang terdekomposisi dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Di Aceh sendiri wilayah ekosistem rawa gambut yang telah dikonversi menjadi lahan pertanian dan perkebunan adalah wilayah barat mulai dari Kabupaten Aceh Jaya hingga Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan beberapa sifat fisika dan kimia gambut akibat lamanya penggunaan lahan di Rawa Tripa Kabupaten Nagan Raya.Hasil penelitian dan analisis pada perubahan sifat fisika gambut akibat lamanya penggunaan lahan menunjukan bahwa kadar air tertinggi tedapat pada sampel U0 (sub soil) yaitu 275,94% dan kadar air terendah pada sampel U3 (top soil) yaitu 81,16%. Berat volume tertinggi terdapat pada sampel U3 (top soil) yaitu 0,90 g/cm3 dan berat volume terendah pada sampel U0 (sub soil) yaitu 0,41 g/cm3. Porositas tertinggi terdapat pada U0 (sub soil) yaitu 97,16% dan yang terendah terdapat pada U3 (top soil) yaitu 64,11%. Hasil pengamatan lapangan pada kematangan gambut menunjukan bahwa gambut rawa tripa memiliki tingkat kematangan hemik dan saprik, kedalaman gambut yaitu dangkal sampai sangat dalam, subsidence terjadi akibat pengarih drainase dan warna gambut yaitu hitam kemerahan sampai coklat kehitaman.Change in Some Peat Physical Character due to the Length of Land Use in Rawa TripaAbstract. Histosol is an organic soil formed from a collection of organic materials such as plant litter which was decomposed for a long time. In Aceh, the peat swamp ecosystem area that has been converted into agricultural land and plantations is in the west, starting from Aceh Jaya Regency to Aceh Singkil Regency. This study aims to look at the change in some physical and chemical properties of peat due to the length of land use in Tripa Swamp in Nagan Raya District. The results of the research and analysis on the change in the physical properties of peat due to the length of land use showed that the highest moisture content was found in samples of U0 (sub soil) which was 275.94% and the lowest water content in U3 (top soil) sample of 81.16%. The highest volume weight is found in the sample U3 (top soil) which is 0.90 g / cm3 and the lowest volume weight in the sample U0 (sub soil) is 0.41 g / cm3. The highest porosity is found in U0 (sub soil), namely 97.16% and the lowest is in U3 (top soil), which is 64.11%. The results of field observations on peat maturity show that tripe swamp peat has a level of hemic and sapric maturity, peat depth that is shallow to very deep, subsidence occurs due to drainage and the color of peat is reddish black to blackish brown.
Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat bahaya erosi di Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei yang didasarkan pada hasil pengamatan di lapangan dan analisis tanah di Laboratorium. Erosi dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) yang dikemukakan oleh Wischmeier dan Smith pada tahun 1978. Metode USLE mengamati beberapa aspek seperti erosivitas, erodibilitas, faktor panjang dan kemiringan lereng, dan faktor pengelolaan tanaman dan tindakan konservasi. Secara garis besar penelitian ini dilaksanakan beberapa tahap yaitu, tahap persiapan, pengumpulan data, pelaksanaan lapangan dan pengambilan sampel tanah, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di lokasi penelitian terdapat tujuh belas satuan peta lahan (SPL) dengan total luas areal 31.935,56 Hektar. Erosi aktual tertinggi dijumpai pada SPL 7 yaitu sebesar 2.699,92 ton ha-1 th-1 dan erosi aktual terendah dijumpai pada SPL 14 yaitu 0,82 ton ha-1 th-1. Erosi potensial tertinggi dijumpai pada SPL 1 yaitu sebesar 5.774,84 ton ha-1 th-1 dan erosi potensial terendah dijumpai pada SPL 16 yaitu 48,53 ton ha-1 th-1. Terdapat 5 klasifikasi tingkat bahaya erosi yaitu tingkat bahaya erosi sangat ringan (SR) pada SPL 16, tingkat bahaya erosi ringan (R) pada SPL 17, tingkat bahaya erosi sedang (S) pada SPL 10, 14, dan 15, tingkat bahaya erosi berat (B) pada SPL 4, 7, 11, 12, dan 13, dan tingkat bahaya erosi sangat berat (SB) pada SPL 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, dan 9.Prediction of Erosion Hazard at Lembah Seulawah Sub-distrik Aceh BesarAbstract. This study aims to determine the level of erosion hazard in Lembah Seulawah, Aceh Besar District. The research method is used survey method based on field observation and soil analysis in the laboratory. Erosion is calculated by using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) which proposed by Wischmeier and Smith in 1978. The USLE method looked at several aspects such as erosivity, erodibility, long factor and slope, and crops management and conservation measures. In general, this research is carried out several stages, namely, preparation phase, data collection, field implementation and soil sampling, and data analysis. The results showed that in the study sites there were seventeen units of land maps (SPL) with a total area of 31,935.56 hectares. The highest actual erosion was found in SPL 7 of 2,699.92 tons ha-1 th-1 and the lowest actual erosion was found in SPL 14 of 0.82 tons ha-1 th-1. The highest potential erosion was found in SPL 1 of 5,774.84 ton ha-1 th-1 and the lowest potential erosion was found in SPL 16 of 48.53 ton ha-1 th-1. There are 5 classifications of erosion hazard level which is very light erosion (SR) on SPL 16, light erosion hazard (R) on SPL 17, moderate erosion level (S) on SPL 10, 14, and 15, (B) on SPL 4, 7, 11, 12, and 13, and very severe erosion (SB) on SPL 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, and 9.
Abstrak. Gambut mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi. Gambut yang didrainase rentan terhadap kebakaran. Pemanfaatan gambut di Aceh sangat luas. Umumnya, gambut sering dibakar agar dapat dengan cepat dimanfaatkan., khususnya di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa jauh tingkat perubahan sifat fisika gambut terbakar Rawa Tripa Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat volume tertinggi terdapat pada sampel T1 (top soil) yaitu 0,36 g cm-3 dan terendah pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu 0,17 g cm-3. Kadar air tertinggi terdapat pada sampel T0 (sub soil) yaitu 234,82% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 81,96%. Porositas tertinggi terdapat pada sampel gambut T0 (sub soil) yaitu 94,93% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 65,28%. Permeabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu 33,80 cm/jam dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 16,10 cm/jam. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter berat volume dengan t hitung (3,482) t tabel (1, 943), sedangkan pada parameter lainnya tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Tingkat kematangan gambut di kawasan Tripa Makmur adalah hemik. Kedalaman gambut sebesar 3 meter. Subsiden tertinggi adalah 100 cm pada gambut terbakar di tahun 2015. Warna gambut adalah coklat kehitaman. The Effect of Burning Peat on Some of The Physical Porperties of Peat Soil in The Tripa Makmur Sub DistrictAbstract. Peat contains high organic matter. Drained peat is susceptible to fire. The use of peat in Aceh is very broad. Peat is often burned so that it can be quickly utilized especially in Tripa makmur Sub Districk, Nagan Raya Districk. This study aims to see how far the rate of change in the physical properties of peat is burning Rawa Tripa in Nagan Raya District. The results showed that the highest average of volume weight was found in T1(top soil) 0,36 g cm-3 and the lowest in T0(sub soil) 0,17 g cm-3. The highest water content was found inT0(sub soil) 234,82% and the lowest was on T1(top soil) 81,96%. The highest porosity was found T0(sub soil) 94,93% and the lowest in T1(top soil) 65,28%. The highest permeability is found in T0(sub soil) 33,80 cm/hour and the lowest is on T1(top soil) 16,10 cm/hour. The results of statistical tests show that there is a significant difference in the parameters of volume weight with t count 3,482 t table 1,943, while in the other parameters have no significant differences. The level of maturity in the Tripa Makmur area is hemik. Peat depth of 3 meters. The highest subsidance is 100 cm on burning peat in 2015. The color of this peat is blackish brown.
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