Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is one of the indicators of fetal well-being. Fetal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry is a newer modality in assessing the fetal wellbeing, and thus helps in identifying compromised fetuses. OBJECTIVE: To study the perinatal outcome in ultrasono graphically detected normal and decreased AFI ≥ 34 weeks of gestation and to compare the usefulness of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry and AFI in predicting the perinatal outcome in oligohydramnios ≥ 34 weeks of gestation. METHODOLOGY: This is a comparative, non-randomized study done over a period of 18 months on 150 pregnant women between gestational ages of 34-42 weeks. Ultrasonography was done for all women and AFI was calculated by four quadrant technique. Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry was done in cases of AFI ≤ 5 cm. RESULTS: There was increased incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), labour induction, and caesarean section for fetal distress and NICU admission in cases with AFI < 5 cm, compared to cases with AFI > 5 cm. Among the cases with oligohydramnios, cases with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry had higher incidence of IUGR, LSCS for fetal distress and NICU admissions compared with normal umbilical artery Doppler. CONCLUSION: AFI ≤ 5 cm after 34 weeks of gestation is an indicator of poor perinatal outcome. Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in cases with oligohydramnios would help in identifying high risk cases for poor perinatal outcome. Hence, all patients with oligohydramnios, umbilical artery Doppler should be done to recognize the compromised fetus and thus reducing the perinatal morbidity and mortality.