The ability of Fuller's earth to adsorb a basic dye (Astrazone Blue -Basic Blue 69) and an acidic dye (Telon Blue -Acid Blue 25) has been studied. The equilibrium saturation adsorption capacities were 1200 mg dye g-1 Fuller's earth and 220 mg dye g-1 Fuller's earth for Astrazone Blue and Telon Blue, respectively.The kinetics of the adsorption processes were studied in an agitated batch adsorber. The time to reach 90% equilibrium value was achieved in less than 1 h. The variables investigated were agitation, adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration and temperature.A limited number of studies were undertaken using a fired clay but significantly lower saturation capacities were obtained, namely, 7 mg dye g -1 fired clay and 40 mg dye g -1 fired clay for Telon Blue and Astrazone Blue, respectively. Nomenclature aLangmuir constant, dm 3 m g -1 C dye concentration in aqueous solution, mg d m -3, kg kg-C e equilibrium dye concentration in solution, mg dm -3, kg kg-1 G mass of aqueous solution to be treated, kg K Langmuir equilibrium parameter, dm 3 g -1 Kf Freundlich constant, mg g -1 K ~ Jossens isotherm equilibrium parameter, dm 3 g 1 L mass of adsorbent, kg m Jossens isotherm constant n Freundlich isotherm exponent Q dye adsorption on adsorbent, mg g -1, kg kg-1 Qe equilibrium dye adsorption on adsorbent, mg g -1, kg kg-1Greek Symbol fl exponent in Jossen isotherm Subscripts 0 initial value 1 final value e equilibrium value

No abstract

No abstract

SALATRIM is a reduced-calorie fat substitute composed of structured triacylglycerols. These structured triacylglycerols are composed of long-chain fatty acids (predominantly stearic) and short-chain aliphatic acids (acetic, propionic, and/or butyric). It has been demonstrated in rat studies and in a clinical study that SALATRIM with various combinations of these aliphatic acid and fatty acid side chains delivers fewer calories per gram than conventional triacylglycerols such as corn oil. The reduced calories are accounted for by the lower caloric value of the short-chain aliphatic acids and limited absorption of the stearic acid which is freed by enzymatic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. In caloric availability studies with rats SALATRIM was found to deliver between 4.5 and 6.0 keal/g. In the human clinical study between 27.6 and 36.5% of the stearic acid in SALATRIM was shown to be absorbed, resulting in an apparent caloric availability of between 4.7 and 5.1 keal/g. Although subjects consuming SALATRIM exhibited an increased excretion of fecal fat and stearic acid, they did not excrete higher levels of calcium, magnesium, or zinc. These results show that SALATRIM exhibits similar caloric reduction in both rats and humans.

No abstract