Abstract:To determine the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis, a survey was carried out in 27 villages belonging to two rural communities of West-Cameroon (Bafou and Bamendou). Between January and August 2000, a total of 707 pigs were examined serologically and by tongue inspection. Serum samples were examined for circulating parasite antigen using a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) and for antibodies against cysticerci (Ab-ELISA). Seventy-eight samples (11.0%) were found positive in the Ag-ELISA and 154 (21.8%) in the Ab-ELISA, while by tongue inspection on the same animals cysticerci were detected in forty-three pigs (6.1%). Gibbs Sampling using results of these three tests indicated that the estimated prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 10.9 %. Analysis of the Ag-ELISA results demonstrated that adult pigs showed a significantly higher seroprevalence (15%) than young ones (8.4%). There was no statistical difference in cysticercosis prevalence in pigs raised in households with or without a latrine. Animals that were reported to be usually confined were significantly less infected (9.9%) than free roaming pigs (16.2%). Infection rates were significantly higher in pigs that had access to human faeces (13.8%) than those which did not have access (9.1%). This study has identified some community behavioural and environmental practices that should be modified to prevent continuous transmission of porcine cysticercosis.
Une étude menée de mai à octobre 1999 dans le département du Mayo- Danay (extrême nord du Cameroun) et dans la préfecture du Mayo-Kebbi (sud-ouest du Tchad) a eu pour but de déterminer la prévalence de la cysticercose porcine et d’identifier les principaux facteurs qui la favorisaient. Elle a montré que les conditions hygiéniques dans lesquelles vivait la population ainsi que celles de l’élevage des porcs étaient très médiocres, avec pour conséquence des infestations massives de la population porcine par des cysticerques de Taenia solium. En effet, 42 p. 100 des 126 exploitations visitées étaient dépourvues de latrines et les porcs, en divagation permanente ou semi-permanente, avaient facilement accès aux matières fécales humaines déposées aux alentours des habitations. Le diagnostic clinique effectué par la méthode du langueyage a montré que 20,5 p. 100 des 852 porcs vivants examinés étaient porteurs de cysticerques. L’inspection des carcasses réalisée dans les abattoirs locaux a révélé que 15,7 p. 100 des 51 porcs abattus étaient ladres. Parmi les 264 sérums de porcs soumis au test Elisa pour la détection des antigènes circulants de cysticerques, 105 (39,8 p. 100) se sont révélés positifs. Ces résultats ont indiqué que le Mayo-Danay et le Mayo-Kebbi étaient d’importants foyers de la cysticercose porcine à Taenia solium.
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