It is essential to change health services from a hospital to a patient-centric platform since medical costs are steadily growing and new illnesses are emerging on a worldwide scale. This study provides an optimal decision support system based on the cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) for identifying Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to provide patients with efficient remote healthcare services. To identify the presence of medical data for CKD, the proposed technique uses an algorithm named Improved Simulated Annealing-Root Mean Square -Logistic Regression (ISA-RMS-LR). The four subprocesses that make up the proposed model are a collection of data, preprocessing, feature selection, and classification. The incorporation of Simulated Annealing (SA) during Feature Selection (FS) enhances the ISA-RMS-LR model’s classifier outputs. Using the CKD benchmark dataset, the ISA-RMS-LR model’s efficacy has been verified. According to the experimental findings, the proposed ISA-RMS-LR model effectively classifies patients with CKD, with high sensitivity at 99.46%, accuracy at 99.26%, Specificity at 98%, F-score at 99.63%, and kappa value at 98.29%. The proposed system has many benefits including the fast transmission of medical data to the medical personnel, real-time tracking, and registration condition of the patient through a medical record. Potential enhancement of the performance measures the provider system’s hospital capacity and monitoring of a significant number of patients with a concentrated average delay.