The genetic algorithm approach is widely recognized as an effective and flexible optimization method for system identification. The flexibility of a genetic algorithm allows various strategies to be applied to it. One of the strategies applied is the modified genetic algorithm which relies on, among other things, the separation of the population into groups where each group undergoes mutual recombination operations. The strategy has been shown to be better than the simple genetic algorithm and conventional statistical method, but it contains inadequate justification of how the separation is made. The usage of objective function values for separation of groups does not carry much flexibility and is not suitable since different time-dependent data have different levels of equilibrium and thus different ranges of objective function values. This paper investigates the optimum grouping of chromosomes by fixed group ratios, enabling more efficient identification of dynamic systems using a NARX (Non-linear AutoRegressive with eXogenous input) model. Several simulated systems and real-world timedependent data are used in the investigation. Comparisons based on widely used optimization performance indicators along with outcomes from other research are used. The issue of model parsimony is also addressed, and the model is validated using correlation tests. The study reveals that, when recombination and mutation are used for different groups, equal composition of both groups produces a better result in terms of accuracy, parsimony, speed, and consistency.

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This paper describes the development of a portable electronic panel that helps in teaching the visually impaired to learn and read Al-Quran; named Electronic Braille (eBraille) Al-Quran Teaching Aid. The eBraille Panel comprises of an outer case, Braille cell, jacks, Perkin keys, functionality keys, navigation keys and sound keys. The panel has an ergonomic characteristic that gives comfort to the user while using the panel. The panel is portable and it can be connected to a computer and the teaching process can be done by controlling on the computer or the panel itself. As the teacher types the character, it will be displayed to the student's panel via wireless connection. The main advantage of this research is to allow teaching the visually impaired in more effective ways. The delivery of lesson will be more efficient and the teaching and learning process can be done in just a short time. Keyword -Electronic Braille Al-Quran Panel

The evaluation of an objective function for a particular model allows one to determine the optimality of a model structure with the aim of selecting an adequate model in system identification. Recently, an objective function was introduced that, besides evaluating predictive accuracy, includes a logarithmic penalty function to achieve a suitable balance between the former model's characteristics and model parsimony. However, the parameter value in the penalty function was made arbitrarily. This paper presents a study on the effect of the penalty function parameter in model structure selection in system identification on a number of simulated models. The search was done using genetic algorithms. A representation of the sensitivity of the penalty function parameter value in model structure selection is given, along with a proposed mathematical function that defines it. A recommendation is made regarding how a suitable penalty function parameter value can be determined.