We report on a laser ultrasonic receiver based on two wave mixings in two nonlinear Bi 12 SiO 20 (BSO) photorefractive crystals and its application for welded joints inspection. The nonlinear photo refractive crystals are operated with inverted voltages in respect to each other. Reversal of the voltage inverts the polarity of detected ultrasonic pulses which are generated by a pulsed laser on a sample surface. Present noise is, however, not inverted. Subtracting both signals after the two photorefractive crystals using a balanced photo-detector leads to suppression of noise and to an increase in the signal/noise ratio. We demonstrate the working principle by using a phase modulator and present laser ultrasonic measurement and compare the results from the proposed technique with a conventional two wave mixing interferometer based on single BSO crystal showing that the signal to noise/rate is significantly enhanced. Finally, we show the experimental results of application of these detectors for defects detection in two industrial samples with welded area. Subject AreasComposite Material, Material Experiment
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.