The aim of the study is to investigate the biocontrol mechanisms of Trichothecium roseum MML003 against the rice sheath blight (ShB) pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani as the former exhibited strong antagonistic activity against the latter. It has been found that T. roseum MML003 did not show any hyperparasitic interaction against R. solani. Further, it did not produce siderophores and hydrogen cyanide. However, the culture filtrate of T. roseum MML003 strongly inhibited the mycelial growth and sclerotial formation, its germination and viability, which proved that the biocontrol activity is antibiosis-mediated. The extracellular crude antifungal metabolites of T. roseum MML003 were thermo and photo-stable. Potted plant experiment showed that the crude metabolites of T. roseum MML003 effectively reduced the ShB disease in rice up to 47.7%. Thus, this study assumes significance as it provided further scope for the identification of antifungal metabolites from T. roseum MML003 and their possible use against sheath blight disease of rice.

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The present research work is undertaken to analyse the sources of penetration and level of penetration. A Source of penetration is defined by actions a firm takes to communicate with end users, consumers and external parties. It covers the five subsets, such as advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, personal selling and public relations. In this study, the researcher has applied the factor analysis to analyze the customers' opinion towards the sources of penetration. In order to analyze the sources of penetration and level of penetration, the researcher has used discriminant analysis. The result reveals that 18.6% of variables predict the level of penetration. Moreover, Advertising and Direct Marketing are the most important sources that discriminates the level of penetration.