comprising 2123 HD patients recruited from twenty-five Egyptian HD centers. Patients were classified according to HD duration into two groups: Incident group including patients with HD duration equals to or less than six months, and a prevalent group including patients who had been maintained on HD for more than six months. All patients were observed for one and a half years, and their demographic data, laboratory findings, and mortality events were recorded. Results: In comparison to the prevalent group, the incident HD patients showed significantly lower hemoglobin, serum albumin, urea reduction ratio, serum phosphorus, and serum ferritin but higher average erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) dose. There was significantly a higher number of patients with hypertension in the incident group, while there was no significant difference in diabetes mellitus or ischemic heart disease in both groups. There were a higher number of patients with positive hepatitis C virus antibodies and hyperparathyroidism in the prevalent group. By the end of the study, the mortality frequency was found to be significantly higher in the incident than the prevalent groups. Older age and corrected serum calcium were significant predictors of mortality in the total studied group as well as the prevalent group. However, no significant predictors of mortality could be detected in the incident group. Conclusions: The incident HD group tends to show a higher frequency of hypertension, higher values of laboratory findings suggestive of malnutrition as well as a higher frequency of mortality with a different pattern of mortality predictors compared to the prevalent group.

Objective: Wilms’ tumor is the most common childhood renal tumor for about 6% of pediatric malignant disease. The 5-year survival rate in United States increased from approximately from 70% (1970-1973) to 92% (1989-1996). This study was aim to analyze the risk factors of mortality in children with Wilms’ tumor. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in children with Wilms’ tumor at Soetomo Hospital during 2006-2011. The data of demographic, clinical profile, complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate, histological type, disease stage, metastases and relapse were analyzed as risk factors of mortality using logistic regression. Results: There were 37 Wilms’ tumor children and 5 children were excluded because of incomplete data. The mean age was 3.0 (SD 2.6) years, and male-to-female ratio was 2.5 : 1. There were 5/32 children in stage I, 7/32 children in stage II, 8/32 children in stage III, 11/32 children in stage IV, and 1/32 children in stage V. There were 15/32 children underwent operation. Complete remission occurred in 12/32 children and 1/32 children relapsed. There were 20/32 children died, associated with anemia (P=0.033, OR=6.111, 95% CI=1.056-35.352) and advanced stage (P=0.021, OR=8.000, 95% CI=1.575-40.632). The risk of mortality increased 3.284 folds with every increased stage (P=0.007, 95% CI=1.338-7.775). Conclusion: Disease stage is the significant risk factor of mortality in children with Wilms’ tumor.