Street foods are one of the important sources of foodborne infections and Staphylococcus aureus is an important infectious agent transmitted through various sources including street foods. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are of public health significance, hence the study was taken to assess the street foods as a source of MRSA, for which 430 street vended foods of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs and their products) and associated environmental samples were processed for isolation and characterization. A total of 52 (12.1%) S. aureus were isolated and resistant was observed to oxacillin (36.5%), cefoxitin (25%) and penicillin G (82.7%) by disc diffusion test. On genotypic screening, mecA and blaZ have detected in 17.3% and 69.2% isolates, respectively. The virulence typing identified nuc, coa, clfA, spA, FnbA and enterotoxin A (sea) genes in 100%, 96.2%, 30.8%, 55.8, 50% and 7.7% isolates, respectively. Genetic diversity among the isolates was observed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR with a D value of 0.77. The presence of virulent MRSA in street vended foods trigger the public health concern and emphasis to educate the consumers and street food vendors about quality and safety of such foods.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern and virulence genes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from foods of animal origin were evaluated. Based on combination disc method and ESBL E test, 42 of the 213 E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers where a high presence was observed in raw foods (60.62%), environmental samples (46.73%) and ready to eat foods (42.99%) of which 31(26.49%), 3(6.97%) and 7(15.21%) samples harbored ESBL E. coli, respectively. Higher contamination rates were observed in samples collected from meat vendors (54.36%), milk vendors (48.88%) and egg vendors (45.20%) of which 16.1%, 11.11% and 2.05%, respectively were ESBL E. coli. Among the 42 ESBL isolates, 85.71% (36/42) were multidrug-resistant. On polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, expression of beta-lactamase genes viz., blaCTXM was noted in 69.04% (29/42) ESBL isolates, blaTEM in 66.66% (28/42) and blaOXA-1 in 19.04% (8/42) isolates, while blaSHV was not detected in any of the isolates. Other AMR genes viz., blaAmpC, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), catI, dhfrI, aac(3)-IIa(aacC2), aph(3 0 )-Ia(aphA1), qnrB, qnrS were detected by PCR in 39,

Molecular characterization of extensively drug resistant (XDR), extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)and New Delhi Metallo beta-lactamase-1 (blaNDM1) producing Escherichia coli isolated from a male dog -a case report. Vet. arhiv 88, 139-148, 2018.aBSTRaCT In this article, we report the molecular characterization of extensively drug resistant (XDr), extended spectrum, class C beta-lactamases and NDM-1 carbapenemase producing E. coli, isolated from the scrotal fluid of a 3-year-old male dog. In an antibiotic susceptibility test the E. coli isolate was susceptible only to tigecycline and resistant to all clinically applicable antibiotics tested in the study. the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of meropenem, cefotaxime and cefepime was 256, 128 and 64 µg/mL, respectively. On genotypic screening by PCr, the isolate was positive for blaNDM, blaCtX-M, blaampC, blateM and sul1 genes. the isolate was a eSBL, ampC and metalo beta-lactamase producer. On molecular pathotyping, the isolate harbored the Shiga toxin producing gene (Stx2). the extensively drug resistant, carbapenem resistant and eSBL producing E. coli constitutes a major public health concern, since there is a great chance of dissemination of resistance genes to humans due to the close association of humans and companion animals. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of blaNDM1 isolated from a dog in India.

The present study was carried out to find out the occurrence and types of present in street vended foods and associated environment, and their resistance pattern against various antibiotics. About 1075 street vended food and associated environment samples were processed for isolation and confirmation of different spp. by targeting gene specific A gene and serotype specific I, and genes by PCR. Selected isolates were screened for antibiotic resistance by using Baeur-Kirby disk diffusion test. Out of 1075 samples, only 31 (2.88%) isolates could be amplified theA gene of which 19 could be recovered from meat vendors; 8 from egg vendors while remaining 4 from milk vendors. Though, majority of recovered from raw foods the ready-to-eat food like chicken gravy and rasmalai also showed its presence which pose a serious public health threat. Overall, 19, 6 and 1 isolates of Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Typhi could be detected by PCR while remaining 5 isolates could not be amplified suggesting other type of Selected isolates were completely resistance to Oxacillin (100%) followed by Cefoxitin (30.43%) and Ampicillin (26.10%). Thus, it is observed that the street vended foods of animal origin and associated environment play an important role in transmission of food borne pathogens including .

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