Results suggest that the proposed pulpotomy treatment with ZOE as the only capping agent may be considered as an alternative technique in the pulp treatment of primary molars.

Two cases of young patients with traumatized permanent teeth having complicated crown fractures are reported. Endodontic management included partial pulpotomy by the Cvek technique; restorative management included resin restoration and reattachment of the teeth fragments. Treatments were considered successful in all cases according to the following criteria: absence of clinical symptoms, absence of X-ray signs of pathology, and presence of pulpal vitality 6 to 25 months after treatment.

The purpose of this report was to provide the reader with some basic concepts in order to better understand the significance and reliability of the results of any article on Pediatric Dentistry. Currently, Pediatric Dentists need the best evidence available in the literature on which to base their diagnoses and treatment decisions for the children's oral care. Basic understanding of Biostatistics plays an important role during the entire Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) process. This report describes Biostatistics fundamentals in order to introduce the basic concepts used in statistics, such as summary measures, estimation, hypothesis testing, effect size, level of significance, p value, confidence intervals, etc., which are available to Pediatric Dentists interested in reading or designing original clinical or epidemiological studies.

Oral and maxillofacial injuries occur frequently during the primary and mixed dentitions, although vertical, complicated fractures involving the crown and root of primary molars are rarely observed during early childhood. Treatment of this type of fracture can be complex, requiring both an early, accurate diagnosis and a precise treatment plan. The purpose of this report was to describe the management of bilateral vertical complicated fracture of mandibular primary first molars associated with trauma in a 2-year-9-monthold girl. In this regard, Holan et al. 2) reported that 32% to 35% of direct blows to the chin results in a coronal fracture, single or multiple, of primary molars. Additionally, such a traumatic injury to the chin may cause mandibular fractures, most commonly condylar neck, or subcondylar 7,13). The incidence of complicated crown-root fractures in primary molars represents between 0.5% to 2% of all injuries of the primary dentition 7,14). Typically, they involve such hard tissues as enamel, dentin, and cementum 14). According to Wilson, a minimal displacement of coronal and root fragments is frequent because of the tight gingival collar on primary teeth that keeps these fragments together; this explains why many times this type of fracture is overlooked, particularly in the posterior regions 14). In addition, the exposure of the pulp tissue frequently occurs, in which case it is termed a complicated fracture 5,14). Prognosis of the affected molar is seriously jeopardized due mainly to the depth of the fracture, the difficulty of sealing and rebuilding the crown and root hard tissues, and the breaking of the gingivo-periodontal insertion. Therefore, the treatment of choice in these cases is the extraction of the fractured molar and placement of an