Identifying and protecting natural resources is a meaningful way forward for achieving sustainable development. Since water is a precious natural resource that is being depleted faster than it is recharged, there is an urgent need to evaluate and monitor this resource. Watershed-based studies are gaining momentum, while studying about the natural resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the morphometric characteristics of a watershed. Numerous morphometric parameters have been devised by various scholars to measure the drainage basin characteristics quantitatively. The methodology of this study is to make use of remote sensing and GIS techniques to analyze the drainage morphometry of Vannathangarai watershed in Tamil Nadu, India. The study has identified that the watershed has a low runoff and slow infiltration, thus pointing toward a probability of flooding. The study also revealed that the basin is well drained, basin where the surface is lowered by erosion.

Rainfall constitutes an essential component of the water cycle and is the prime source of groundwater recharge. In recent decades, groundwater exploitation has significantly increased, particularly for agricultural purposes, because large parts of the country have little access to rainfall due to frequent monsoon failures. In this context, an attempt is made to study the rainfall variability trend analysis. The study area selected for the research is the Vannathangarai watershed of the River Noyyal basin, the tributary of River Cauvery in South India. Rainfall data for 33 years were collected from 12 rain gauge stations in and around the watershed. The study explores the trends of rainfall, its variability, and the connection between rainfall intensity and the number of rain days. It is evident from the current analysis that October is the rainiest month, and the North-Western monsoon provides maximum rainfall. South West monsoon rains are highly variable than all other seasons. The western region receives the maximum rainfall than all other areas.