No abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical disorder and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine disorder where both of them commonly coexist. T2DM will disturb sleep patterns and disturbed sleep may predispose to insulin resistance resulting in T2DM. The study aim is to evaluate the prevalence of risk for Obstructive sleep apnea among T2DM patients based on patient demographic variables (age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI)) and Berlin Questionnaire (BQ). In this cross-sectional study a total of 111 patients were included and the prevalence of risk was determined based on the BQ categories and the percentage was calculated accordingly. In BQ, Category 1 includes five questions based on snoring, category 2 includes three questions based on daytime somnolence and category 3 includes two questions based on BMI. These categories were marked as positive if the responses for snoring or daytime somnolence indicate persistent symptoms (> 3-4 times/week). Third category includes the patient’s BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 (obese) indicates positive score. In this study, the patients above 61 years (100%) and obese (94%) were at a higher risk for OSA. Based on the BQ, more positive (89.19%) responses were observed in category 1 (snoring) when compared to category 2 (40.54%) and 3 (74.77%) which concluded that T2DM patients are at a high risk (HR) for developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background : Several epidemiologic studies have reported that high serum levels of uric acid are strongly associated with prevalent health conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, essential hypertension and renal disease. This study aimed to investigate the level of serum uric acid in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetics and non diabetics (controls) in south Indian population.Methods : Uric acid level was measured by Uricase-PAP methodology in patients with Diabetes (n=71)/Pre diabetes (n=12)/ Control groups (n=34). Using ANOVA test, uric acid levels in the above three groups were compared based on age, sex and other factors which can affect uric acid level.Results: The mean serum uric acid level was lower in control group (3.84mg/dl), rose in pre-diabetics (4.88mg/dl) and again decreased in diabetics (3.78mg/dl). P value comparing control and pre-diabetes was 0.009, p-value comparing pre-diabetes and diabetes was 0.003 and p-value comparing control and diabetes was 0.982 (p value <0.05 being significant). Conclusion :The serum uric acid level being higher in pre-diabetes than controls and lower in diabetes mellitus than pre-diabetes may serve as a potential inexpensive biomarker of deterioration of glucose metabolism.