The reliable operation of Japanese steam, gas, and water power turbines using a newly developed trouble-resistant oil in association with a successful maintenance service system is discussed. A classic steam turbine oil formula containing a phenolic oxidation inhibitor and a succinic acid-type rust inhibitor made from low-aromatic base stock has been used for trouble-free maintenance. In Japan, the oil supplier and the user jointly administer quality control programs for turbine oils. The accumulated data of the oil supplier are utilized for estimating the optimum oil makeup for individual turbines. Since the installation of several computerized systems responsible for maintaining the quality of steam turbine oil in 165 power stations, the remaining life of the oil has been maintained over the warning limit by estimating the optimum oil's makeup. Remote control systems have been employed at many small hydroelectric power plants in Japan to save manpower. Such modernization has brought about an additional lubrication problem—severe valve sticking. More than 100 water turbine generators have suffered from this problem since around 1965. Maintenance-free type oil was required for these units. A new-type turbine oil for which a sludge dispersant is employed has solved this valve-sticking problem. The evaluation method and in-service performance are provided. The largest combined-cycle power station in the world (output 2000 MW) was recently installed at Futsu Power Station of the Tokyo Electric Co. (in 1985). The lubrication of 14 heavy duty gas turbines (GE9001E, 113 MW) is performed by a new high-temperature gas turbine oil. This oil has done well, providing more than 8000 trouble-free hours of lubrication. The oil quality monitor and control systems are discussed.

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Chlorination of acyclic β-diketones with triphenylphosphine–carbon tetrachloride and the other chlorinating reagents predominantly afforded β-chloro-β,γ-unsaturated ketones except the cases of the terminal alkyl group of the diketones was methyl or t-butyl. In these reactions, the isomerization of the β-chloro-α,β-unsaturated ketones to the β,γ-unsaturated isomers was involved; the isomerization was achieved by triphenylphosphine–carbon tetrachloride as well as by some acid catalysts.