ABSTRACT. The common fig (Ficus carica L.) was introduced intoMexico by Spanish Franciscan missionaries in the 16th century. It is widely assumed that Mexican figs are the Spanish cultivar Black Mission. We collected and propagated 12 fig plants from six landraces from different states in Central Mexico that represent different climate. All of them were grown in a greenhouse at Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, in the State of Mexico. During the experimental period, the greenhouse had an average temperature and relative humidity of 29.2° ± 5.4°C (SEM) and 78.1 ± 6.7% (SEM), respectively. Morphological characterization was done following a selected set of quantitative and qualitative descriptors established by the IPGRI. DNA analysis was based on a combination of ISSR and RFLP markers. We observed great diversity mainly in fruit weight (28.1-96.2 g), fruit shape (ovoid, pyriform), and neck length (0.97-3.80 cm), which could not be explained by environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity. The Nei and Li/Dice similarity coefficient between landraces was determined by cluster analysis using the UPGMA method. Based on the morphological characterization and DNA fingerprinting data presented in this study, our results showed that after hundreds of years, black figs have adapted to local environmental condition in Central Mexico, yielding at least six clearly distinct landraces that represent valuable and previously undescribed genetic diversity. We also suggested names for those landraces according to their location and established a basis for further agronomic and molecular characterization of fig landraces.

During the falls of 2015 and 2016, rust symptoms were observed on grapevine leaves in a backyard garden located in Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on morphology, analysis of the variable D1/D2 region of the large subunit rDNA, and the fulfilment of Koch's postulates on grapevine leaves, the causal agent was identified as Phakopsora meliosmae-myrianthae. This is the first report of Asian grapevine leaf rust disease caused by Phakopsora meliosmaemyrianthae in Mexico.

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Antecedentes:Los patrones de paredes terminales y externas de conidios observados en microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB) combinados con caracteres analizados en microscopia de luz (ML) son una herramienta poderosa para la identificación de especies de anamorfos de Erysiphales. Objetivo:Realizar un análisis morfológico mediante MEB de los anamorfos de Erysiphales presentes en plantas de onagra (Oenothera fruticosa),mercadela (Calendula officinalis), hortensia(Hydrangeamacrophylla), margarita(Leucanthemum vulgare) y limón (Citrus limon). Métodos:La caracterización morfológica de los especímenes de Erysiphales se realizó mediante MEB y se complementó usando ML. Resultados y conclusiones:La examinación mediante MEBpermitió la caracterización de conidióforos, conidios, apresorios hifales, hifas, y tubos germinativos de Erysiphe sp., Podosphaera xanthii, Pseudoidium hortensiae,Golovinomyces macrocarpusyErysiphe quercicola.Para nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer reporte de Erysiphesp. y Golovinomyces macrocarpuscausando cenicilla en O. fruticosa yL. vulgare, respectivamente en México.