The objective of this study was to evaluate onion production systems in four municipalities along the Niger River. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among seventy-five onion producers distributed over ten perimeters. The results obtained reveal that onion is mainly grown by women (95%). 70% of the farmers own the farmed land, 20% rent and 10% borrow. The cultivation takes place between September and March. The cultivated varieties are ‘Galmi violet’ and ‘Gothèye white’, Onions are essentially transformed into Gabou, a traditional condiment. The areas exploited are generally less than half a hectare. Irrigation relies mainly on the gravity system. NPK fertilizer and urea in combination with manure are the most commonly used. For phytosanitary treatments, producers use pesticides and/or natural products based on aqueous extract. At harvest time, the price per 100 kg bag varies from 8 000 to 15 000 FCFA (12 to 23 €) and from 40 000 to 50 000 FCFA (61 to 76 €) after four months of storage. The average production cost per hectare is 1 208 564 FCFA (1844 €) and that of the net margins 551 857 FCFA (840 €). There is a low correlation between strong investments and net margins. The major constraints faced by producers are the high cost of agricultural inputs, the rapid drying up of water points, limited access to credit, the straying of animals, the collapse of prices during the harvest period and the difficulties of farming storage and conservation.
Au Niger, lors des crises alimentaires, les graines de Boscia senegalensis, appelé anza en langue local, constituent un des principaux aliments de cueillette de subsistance pour les ménages ruraux. L'objectif de la présente étude était de déterminer la composition en acides aminés des graines de Boscia issues de différentes méthodes de désamérisation. La teneur en protéines totaux et en 16 acides aminés, dont les 8 acides aminés essentiels, des graines non cuites et cuites ont été déterminées. Le résultat obtenu montre que la teneur en protéines varie de 16,11 à 22,82%. Les acides aminés majeurs sont l'acide glutamique (2,32-3,33 %), acide aspartique (1,71-2,36 %) et la phénylalanine (1,34-2,19 %) tandis que la méthionine, l'histidine, la thréonine et la tyrosine sont les acides aminés limitant dans toutes les graines. Des faibles teneurs sont aussi trouvées pour la lysine (0-1,31 %). L'acide aminé essentiel majeur est la phénylalanine. Les essentiels mineurs sont la 92 méthionine et la thréonine. De façon générale, les méthodes de traitements traditionnelles influencent positivement la teneur en protéines et en certains acides aminés essentiels des graines de Boscia senegalensis. AbstractIn Niger, during food crises, Boscia senegalensis seeds, called Anza in the local language, are one of the main subsistence food crops for rural households. The objective of this study was to determine the amino acid composition of Boscia seeds from different deamerization methods. The protein and 16 amino acid content, including all 8 essential amino acids, of uncooked and cooked seeds were determined according to standard methods. The result obtained shows that the protein content varies from 16.11 to 22.82%. The major amino acids are glutamic acid (2.32-3.33%), aspartic acid European Scientific Journal February 2019 edition Vol.15, No.6 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 93(1.71-2.36%) and phenylalanine (1.34-2.19%) while methionine, histidine, threonine and tyrosine are the limiting amino acids in all seeds. Low levels are also found for lysine (0-1.31%). The major essential amino acid is phenylalanine and the minor essential amino acids are methionine and threonine (1.34-2.19%). In general, traditional processing methods positively influence the content of proteins and certain essential amino acids in Boscia senegalensis seeds.
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