The present paper deals with the quantum coordinates of an event in space-time, individuated by a quantum object. It is known that these observables cannot be described by self-adjoint operators or by the corresponding spectral projection-valued measure. We describe them by means of a positive-operator-valued (POV) measure in the Minkowski space-time, satisfying a suitable covariance condition with respect to the Poincaré group. This POV measure determines the probability that a measurement of the coordinates of the event gives results belonging to a given set in space-time. We show that this measure must vanish on the vacuum and the one-particle states, which cannot define any event. We give a general expression for the Poincaré covariant POV measures. We define the baricentric events, which lie on the world-line of the centre-of-mass, and we find a simple expression for the average values of their coordinates. Finally, we discuss the conditions which permit the determination of the coordinates with an arbitrary accuracy. PACS: 03.65.Bz -quantum theory; 02.20.+b -group theory.
Explicit saddle surfaces and return jump rates are calculated for model crystals; the results establish the validity of rate calculations for atomic jumps in solids. A nonphysical effect, in which isotopic substitution causes a "return jump catastrophe," is resolved by use of an exact momentum-dependent criterion to distinguish successful jumps.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.