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Catalytic properties of carbon materials Sibunit (commercial samples) and ceria-promoted precious metals (Ru, Pt, Pd) supported on carbon were studied in the processes of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of aniline and phenol at elevated pressures and temperatures (T ¼ 433-473 K, P O2 ¼ 0.3-1.0 MPa). It was found that the activity increases when the catalyst is pretreated with hydrogen peroxide. An efficiency of Ru-CeO 2 /Sibunit catalyst with a low ruthenium content (~0.6% Ru) for deep cleaning of polluted waters is demonstrated.

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Intrinsic catalytic properties of mineral matrices of various kinds (basalts, clays, sandstones) were studied, which are of interest for in-situ heavy oil upgrading (i.e., underground) to create advanced technologies for enhanced oil recovery. The elemental, surface and phase composition and matrix particle morphology, surface and acidic properties were studied using elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, adsorption and desorption of nitrogen and ammonia. The data on the catalytic activity of inorganic matrices in ammonium nitrate decomposition (reaction with a large gassing), oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and hydrocracking of asphaltenes into maltenes (the conversion of heavy hydrocarbons into more valuable light hydrocarbons) were discussed. In order to check their applicability for the asphaltenes hydrocracking catalytic systems development, basalt and clay matrices were used as supports for iron/basalt, nickel/basalt and iron/clay catalysts. The catalytic activity of the matrices in the reactions of the decomposition of ammonium nitrate, oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and hydrocracking of asphaltens was observed for the first time.