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Optical diagnostics is widely used, both in plasma physics experiments and in measuring param eters of electron and positron beams in accelerators. In doing so, the approaches with the same methodolog ical base are often applied, which is explained by similarity of certain properties of objects under study despite the fact that these fields of physics are absolutely specific and require using the specialized techniques. The possibility of close contacts and cooperation among scientists concerned with similar problems in different fields of physics contributes to the fruitful exchange of ideas and helps to overcome these problems. It is espe cially characteristic of the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sci ences, which is famous for pioneering works in the field of electron-positron colliders and controlled ther monuclear fusion. The first part of this paper presents a review of optical diagnostics of the stationary beam parameters in cyclic accelerators of electrons and positrons. The only techniques considered are those that became the recognized tools at colliders and storage rings of the latest generation, without which the routine operation of the facility is difficult to imagine. The second part of the paper describes optical diagnostics used in experiments of heating the plasma by a high current electron beam.

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