Objective. To estimate the efficiency of different methods of temporary external hemostasis at the pre-hospital stage of emergency medical care, taking into account the localization of injuries. Material and Methods. The cases (n=86) of prehospital emergency medical care for patients with external bleeding were studied. The data on the victims (age, gender), clinical status (type and location of injuries, type of bleeding), the volume of emergency care, the hemostasis methods used to control bleeding, their efficiency, side effects, difficulty of use were collected, and the duration of the pre-hospital stage were also taken into account. Results. The study found out that the most common cause of external bleeding is domestic accident (45.35%) of cases. By the nature of tissue damage, the cut wounds prevailed. Multiple or combined injuries occurred in 13.95% of cases. A tourniquet was the main method of hemostasis. Contact hemostatic agents were used only in 2.32% of cases at the pre-hospital stage. In some cases, when attempting to control the external bleeding, several hemostatic agents were sequentially used due to the lack of their efficacy. In 17.4% of cases, the victims with multiple or combined injuries received intravenous administrationof the systemichemostatic agents. In the complex of anti-shock measures in patients with severe trauma 77.91% of the prehospital patients underwent infusion therapy. Isotonic crystalloid solutions were used. A reliable increase in the duration of the prehospital stage of victims who underwent to a combination of hemostasis methods and intravenous infusion has been registered. The increase in the length of the prehospital stay occurs at the expense of the time required for creation of venous access and initiate infusion. The authors propose the algorithm for temporal control of external bleeding during emergency medical care at the pre-hospital stage. Conclusion. The main principles that need to be guided in the choice of any methods for stopping of bleeding are the speed and reliability of hemostasis for entire time of evacuation and the minimum damaging effect on the tissues. What this paper adds The effectiveness of various methods for temporal external hemostasis at the pre-hospital stage of emergency medical treatment taking into account the localization of injuries was estimated. It has been established that the main principles that must be followed in choosing any of the methods for stopping the bleeding are the speed and reliability of hemostasis for the entire duration of evacuation and the minimal tissue damage.

The main indexes of immune status have been learnt in 150 patients with urogenital infection. The results obtained were compared with those of 30 healthy volonteers. The disturbanses of immunity and formation of the secondary immunodeficiency in the group of patients with virus damage of urogenital system had been revealed. To correct timely therapeutic schemes and increase the treatment's efficacy additional researches are necessary.

Urogenital infections are a global health burden all over the world. The combination of general “aging” of the population and improvement of diagnostic capabilities led to a surge in the detection of diseases of the urogenital sphere, much of which have viral etiology. An increase in the load on doctors of the urological profile, especially working at outpatient units, dictates the need to improve the efficiency of their work. The use of mathematical modeling methods in the study of medical records of 600 men with urogenital diseases made it possible to ascertain the seasonality of requests for medical help, as well as to create a prognostic model, the use of which suggests the possible number of referrals for patients with abacterial prostatitis of viral etiology during any month of the next year.

The work of medical workers is associated with constant psycho-emotional stress, which is caused by close contact with human suffering, the need to make immediate decisions, uncomfortable conditions of the pre-hospital stage and cases of aggressive and violent actions by patients or third parties. Statistics show that 54 to 84.8 % of medical workers have become victims of verbal or physical aggression annually. In 2013-2017, 543 crimes against life and health of medical workers on duty were registered in Ukraine. The purpose of the research was to study the causes, nature and risk factors of violent actions against emergency medical personnel with finding the ways to normalize the situation. Material and methods. An anonymous non-personified survey was conducted among 127 workers of the Sumy Regional Centre for Emergency Medical Care and Disaster Medicine. A modified questionnaire “Violence and aggression in the Health Service” (B. Mullan, F. Badger, 2007) was used in the study. It has been established that 74.8 % of emergency medical care and disaster medicine personnel were victims of violence caused by patients, their relatives or friends. Most often, the reasons for aggressive behaviour of the patient or third parties were the time of waiting for a medical worker and the suspicion of incompetence. According to the results of the survey, 35.43 % of employees believe that it is possible to improve the situation by completing and forming ambulance teams of a mixed type. Almost a third of the surveyed medical workers (24.41 %) indicated the need to provide personal protective equipment, another 14.96 % of respondents wanted better legal support and assistance. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to solve the problem of the safety of a medical worker during an emergency call at the state legislative level. Particular attention should be paid to the further improvement of legal assistance, as well as to the development of measures to prevent violence.