The article considers the poems by Marina Tsvetaeva in the aspect of elemental symbolism. The article aims to describe traditional for Russian linguistic culture and individual author's symbolism of the earth in M.I. Tsvetaeva's poems. The choice of the research object stipulates scientific novelty of the study, which was fulfilled applying descriptive and conceptual research methods. It has been noted, that the symbols, traditionally assigned to Russian linguistic culture, are represented in the poems by Tsvetaeva as pre-Christian: the earth is described by the poetess as a place of habitation, residence, Motherland, a house, arable land; the symbol of imperishability and support. The earth is one of the extrema – the lower and the upper points in vertical dimension, where the former denotes the ground and the Man as opposed to the latter, nominating the Heaven and the Creator. The ground is a Christian symbol of modesty, it is associated with death, ashes, a grave pit. The analysis undertaken has enabled to reveal individual author's symbols of the earth: earth – rock / stone; earth – mountain, unknown land – the sea, the earth – the air, the salt of the earth – talented people / victim. It has been shown, that the author's perception of a particular worldview fragment supplements the conceptual structure of macro concept "earth" with characteristics, which are not included into the structure of national concept.

The monograph describes Russian folk tales from an unusual point of view. It deals with the mentality of the Russian people, language categorization, conceptualization, specifics of the manifestation of the national mentality. The monograph is intended for philologists, culturologists, psychologists and a wide range of readers interested in the problems of mentality, language, psychology, astronomy, culture and the history of the people.

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Статья посвящена диахроническому подходу к изучению аксиологии. Говорится о древнем синкретизме оценки и его постепенном расщеплении в связи с возникновением ценностных различий между внутренним и внешним. Рассматривается языковое выражение эстетической оценки в оригинальных памятниках литературы Древней Руси. Приводятся контексты проповеди, жития, летописи, хождения, «похвалы» празднику, повести, обращения к князю, торжественного «слова», в которых описываются единичные объекты и явления действительности (внешность человека, архитектурные сооружения, церковное убранство, религиозный ритуал, окружающая местность, природные явления), т.е. определяется «Что прекрасно?» (вопрос, поставленный еще в Древней Греции Сократом и Платоном). Подчеркивается необходимость дальнейшего изучения отражения в языке эстетической оценки (‘красиво’ – ‘безобразно’) для демонстрации процесса становления эстетики как науки, отвечающей на второй («парный») философский вопрос античности «Что такое прекрасное?». The article is devoted to the diachronic approach to the study of axiology. It is said about the ancient syncretism of evaluation and its gradual splitting due to the emergence of value differences between internal and external. The article considers the language expression of aesthetic evaluation in the original monuments of literature of Ancient Russia. The context of a sermon, a life, a chronicle, a walk, a «praise» for a holiday, a story, an address to the Prince, a solemn «word», which describes individual objects and phenomena of reality (human appearance, architectural structures, Church decoration, religious ritual, the surrounding area, natural phenomena), that is, defines «What is beautiful?» (a question posed in Ancient Greece by Socrates and Plato). The article emphasizes the need to further study the reflection of aesthetic evaluation in the language (‘beautiful’ – ‘ugly’) to demonstrate the process of formation of aesthetics as a science that answers the second («paired») philosophical question of antiquity «What is beautiful?».

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