No abstract

Introduction to the culture of new species of legumes, allocated from the native wild flora and creating high-protein varieties, fully used bioclimatic resources, adapted to the extreme conditions of the North, can solve the problem of overcoming the typical for the northern territories of protein deficiency of the bulky feed. To assess the potential productivity, the forage quality and the usefulness of using in the selection, within three years the biological, morphological, economically-valuable traits of the aboriginal ecotype Lathyrus maritimus Bigelow have been studied under conditions of natural grassland and the test field. Indicator of the potential productivity of green mass of the ecotype under conditions of natural grassland exceeded 200 c/hectare against the backdrop of fertilizers in dose P60K60.  The forage is characterized by good quality: crude protein-17,5-21,7%. The period of adaptation of the specimens in new conditions, regardless of the method of introduction, amounted to three years. Besides, only 38 of collectible 150 samples yielded a productivity equal to the natural analogues. According to the authors, method of vegetative propagation has proved more effective in comparison with seed reproduction, due to the Rhizobiums, carried over with rhizosphere of the rhizomes into the test field. In the options of the experience with the vegetative reproduction the effect of biological symbiosis was achieved due to the individual characteristics of the interacting organisms, which formed the optimum combination in vivo growth. In support of this hypothesis, the authors cite the comparative analysis of the basic physical parameters of virgin and arable alluvial soils, which defines the specificity of the transformation of the top organic and accumulative part of the profile and organic matter, and, therefore, the nature of the microflora. The arable soils composition of microbial cenosis does not contain effective strains for the north ecotype Lathyrus maritimus Bigelow. This leads to low efficiency of the seed propagation and slowly development of the introduced plants in the new conditions. In order to enhance the capabilities of plants to adapt and realize the potential agronomic traits at a higher level, identified priorities for further work in the selection of the varieties and complementary for them strains of the Rhizobiums.

The article presents the results of the study of the resistance of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Jordan, 1982) and Sinorhizobium fredii (Scholla, Elkan, 1984) strains, selection of the FSBSI ARSRI of Soybean, to ammonium molybdate in a nutrient medium. In the variant without introducing a molybdenum salt, from 47 strains of rhizobia of the B. japonicum species, 37 strains showed good growth, 3 strains-abundant and 7 strains-moderate growth of the bacterial mass stroke. When 1 g/l of ammonium molybdate was introduced into the nutrient medium, the growth intensity of the bacterial mass stroke of all tested B. japonicum decreased slightly; the number of moderately growing strains increased to 11, and one poorly growing strain appeared. When 10 g/l of ammonium molybdate was introduced into the nutrient medium, the strains of B. japonicum, showing abundant and good growth of bacterial mass, were not detected. 31 strains of rhizobia of this species have stopped their growth. In the variants with a nutrient medium MRS without a molybdenum salt and with 1 g/l molybdenum salt from 44 strains of rhizobia of the species S. fredii 93-95 % of pure cultures showed abundant and good bacterial mass stroke growth. When 10 g/l of ammonium molybdate was introduced into the nutrient medium, no rhizobia strains of the S. fredii species were found with abundant and good growth of the bacterial mass, 12 rhizobia strains of this species showed poor growth, and 4 strains stopped growing at this concentration of molybdenum salt in the nutrient environment. It was established that ammonium molybdate at a concentration of 1 g/l in a nutrient medium, practically does not affect the growth intensity of the bacterial mass stroke of strains B. japonicum and S. fredii.

Чувствительность штаммов, выделенных из дальневосточных природных популяций ризобий, к антибактериальным препаратам РЕЗЮМЕ Актуальность. Из корневых клубеньков Vigna radiate, Vigna unguiculata и Vigna angularis, взятых из почв Дальнего Востока Российской Федерации, выделено и оставлено для дальнейших исследований 76 штаммов ризобий, отличающихся по своим физиолого-биохимическим характеристикам от B. jponicum и S. fredii.Методы. Вирулентность новых штаммов ризобий, выделенных в чистую культуру из клубеньков различных зернобобовых культур, определяли методом выращивания бактеризованных семян в пробирках диаметром 20 мм и высотой 200 мм с питательной средой для растений следующего состава, г/л: К 2 НРО 4 -1,0; МgSO 4 -1,0; CaSO 4 -0,5; FeSO 4 , H 3 BO 3 , MnSO 4 и (NН 4 ) 6 Мо 7 О 24 -следы. По наличию клубеньков определяли вирулентность, а по их количеству -интенсивность образования клубеньков за счет изучаемого штамма. Определение первичной оценки внутренней устойчивости штаммов к антибиотикам проводили диско-диффузионным методом. В работе использовали антибиотики: налидиксовую кислоту (30 мкг), карбенициллин (100 мкг), стрептомицин (10 мкг), эритромицин (15 мкг), рифампицин (5 мкг), тетрациклин (30 мкг). После 3-7 дней инкубации при температуре +27…28 °C проводили учет результатов по диаметру зоны подавления роста штамма: до 10 мм -резистентные (R); от 10 до 15 мм -умеренно резистентные (I); от 15 до 25 мм -чувствительные (S); свыше 25 мм -высокочувствительные (HS).Результаты. Установлено, что у большинства штаммов отмечена резистентность к стрептомицину, эритромицину, рифампицину и налидиксовой кислоте, а наибольшая чувствительность отмечена к тетрациклину и карбенициллину. Штаммы могут быть отнесены к виду Bradyrhizobium elkanii.

The specificity of the soils of the Far East is the presence of aboriginal soybean nodule bacteria in them. A detailed study of the morphological and cultural, physiological and economically useful properties of these microorganisms made it possible to identify the most valuable strains of B. japonicum, S. fredii, B. elkanii from the Far Eastern natural populations for their preservation in the collection.