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Charcoal can be made in the pit‐tumulus, a type of earth‐kiln introduced into Guyana over a century ago, of a quality and with an efficiency not far short of those obtained using a metal kiln, as judged mainly by the levels and the distribution of volatile matter throughout the bed at the end of a good burn. Low average volatile matter, taken together with other criteria of quality, serves to explain why this charcoal found a place for many years in discriminating, overseas, industrial markets. Upgrading the efficiency of production and the quality of charcoal from earth kilns in non‐industrialized countries deserves a high priority, especially in view of thier present economic circumstances and the importance of this fuel in development. Advancement in the science and technology of wood carbonization in these countries depends on increased co‐operative research and development, best effected within a South‐South framework.

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