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Endophytic microbial communities in crop plants are beginning to be explored. These microbes are either carried through seeds or establish colonization in the plants from soil based on chemotaxis of root exudates. Variability and diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi have been observed in rice plants in different plant parts and growth stages. Genotypic variations are observed between Indica and Japonica. Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Azospirillum, Azotobacter are some of the dominating genera of bacteria in internal tissues of rice plants. These endophytes provide benefits such as tolerance to abiotic stresses, defense against pest and diseases, nutrient solubilization and mobility. In addition, many metabolites are characterized from the endophytes that are useful in other branches of biotechnology including bioremediation. Complete characterization of microbiome of rice plants under various soil agro-climatic zones and understanding their population dynamics, co-occurrence and networking will help in identifying useful strains for developing new biofertilizers, plant growth promoting microbes and biopesticides.

This work deals with the Thermo-mechanical analysis of Thermal barrier coating over Aluminum 2026 alloy through Finite Element Method in ANSYS 15.0R software. The coating material is Nano composite (metal matrix). It consists of double ceramic layer (TC1, TC2) with a layer of bond coat (BC) between the substrate (SUB) and the ceramic layers. The top Ceramic layer is of a new kind of refractory material with better oxidation resistant and corrosion resistant above 1000oC. The inside ceramic layer is well known for thermal resistant. In order to give a better bonding strength, the grain size of the coating powder is maintained at Nano scale. A Finite Element model has been developed to identify the intermittent temperature of the coatings under thermal loading conditions. From this FEA result the model was subjected to thermo-mechanical stress analysis to find out the stress distribution over the coatings and the substrate. We analyzed with three different temperatures in the same model. The result shows that the double ceramic layer will reduce the Substrate temperature effectively. The interfacing area and the edges of the coating experience more stresses when compared to other area. The paper reveals that the coated material’s stress concentration is very less when compared to the uncoated material.

Composite materials are becoming more important in the construction of Mechanical structures. The primary objective of this paper is to analyse the Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and Aluminium alloy (AA 7075) aircraft wing box using finite element method. Both results has been correlated. Both CFRP and AA7075 structures modelling and numerical simulations were executed at various loading conditions. The deformed configuration of the CFRP and AA7075 aircraft wing box along with stress plot have been computed using analysis. Based on these studies, the CFRP and AA7075 central wing box, representing a weight saving of up to one and a half tonnes compared to the most advanced aluminium alloys. The results also expose the increasing strength with reduced weight.