RESUMO -O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar diferentes culturas antecessoras com o rendimento de grãos e com a nodulação de soja, no campo experimental da Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, em Passo Fundo, RS. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro sucessões com forrageiras anuais de inverno (aveia-branca, aveia-preta pastejada, aveia-preta + ervilhaca pastejada, e trigo), sendo a soja semeada após. As culturas, tanto no inverno como no verão, foram estabelecidas sob sistema plantio direto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, e parcelas totalizando 500 m 2 . Os resultados indicaram que na média dos anos não houve diferenças significativas entre o tipo de cultura antecessora e o rendimento de grãos de soja. Após cinco anos de sistema plantio direto, observou-se nodulação abundante em soja, em todos os sistemas de produção. A soja cultivada após aveia-branca, após aveia-preta pastejada, após aveia-preta + ervilhaca pastejada ou após trigo, pode ser incluída, sem prejuízo, nesses diferentes sistemas estudados.Termos para indexação: rotação de culturas, sucessão de culturas, aveia-branca, aveia-preta, ervilhaca, trigo. SOYBEAN YIELD AND NODULATION IN DIFFERENT ANNUAL WINTER CROPS UNDER NO-TILLAGEABSTRACT -The different preceding crops were compared in relation to soybean yield and nodulation during four years at the Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, in Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Four production systems with annual winter pastures were tested, in which soybean was sown after different winter crops (white oats, grazed black oats, grazed black oats + grazed common vetch, and wheat). Both in winter and summer the crops were grown under notillage. An experimental design of blocks at random, with three replications and plots with 500 m 2 , was used. No significant differences between type of preceding crop and soybean yield were found in the mean of years . After five years of no-tillage, an abundant nodulation in soybean was observed in all production systems. Soybean grown after white oats, grazed black oats, grazed black oats + grazed common vetch, and wheat may be included, without any loss, in the different systems studied.

We determined virulence of seven Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain GPS11 inbred lines possessing superior infective juvenile longevity, and heat and ultra violet radiation tolerance against white grubs Popillia japonica and Cyclocephala borealis. At 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, inbred line A2 was significantly more virulent towards P. japonica compared to the parent strain GPS11 and inbred lines A7, A8, A12 and A21; and line A2 caused significantly higher C. borealis mortality than lines A6 and A12. Penetration, encapsulation and survival of two inbred lines, A2 and A12, that showed the highest and lowest virulence against both grub species were then assessed. There were no differences between the two lines for the total number of nematodes penetrated in either P. japonica or C. borealis within the first 24 h, but a significantly higher percentage of penetrated nematodes were alive in line A2 compared to the line A12 in both grub species. P. japonica immune response over time to hemocoel-injected nematodes of A2, A12 and the parent strain was further investigated. While all injected nematodes were encapsulated at 6 h post injection, non-encapsulated living nematodes were detected at 12 and 24 h post injection, showing the breakage out of encapsulation. A higher percentage of non-encapsulated living nematodes and a lower percentage of dead nematodes were found in line A2 as compared to the line A12 after 12 h post injection. These data suggest that virulence differences in the studied H. bacteriophora inbred lines are not due to differences in nematode penetration or recognition by the grub immune system, but are related to the ability of the infective juveniles to break out of encapsulation.

Anastrepha fraterculus is an important orchard pest. Its management has been based in chemical sprays

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a promising alternative to integrated control in many fruit pests. Few studies were made on the relationship of Anastrepha fraterculus natural population with native EPNs population and other biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of this work was to verify the occurrence of endemic nematodes in an apple orchard, concerning environmental conditions and technical procedure, and access isolates virulence to A. fraterculus larvae. The experiment was conducted during a year taking monthly soil samples from an apple orchard, with and without fallen fruits just above the soil. Samples were baited with Tenebrium molitor and A. fraterculus larvae in laboratory. Canopy and fallen fruits were sampled to access the pest infestation. Seventy three EPN isolates were captured, in 23.2% soil samples, more with T. molitor than with A. fraterculus baits. From the 20 isolates tested against A. fraterculus, only five were pathogenic, and they were identified as Oscheius sp. The nematodes were captured during all seasons in a similar frequency. Soil and weather conditions, presence of fruit over the orchard soil, and A. fraterculus pupae in the fruits had no significant influence on the capture. As a conclusion, nematodes of the genera Oscheius are found in an apple orchard of Porto Amazonas constantly along the year, independently of fluctuations in A. fraterculus population, climate conditions and presence of fruit over the soil. Some of the isolates are pathogenic to A. fraterculus. Keywords

RESUMO -Adesmia latifolia, que é uma leguminosa forrageira nativa do Sul do Brasil, destaca-se pelo seu hábito de crescimento estolonífero e por produzir forragem durante a estação fria. O Lotus corniculatus (cornichão) é uma forrageira comercialmente utilizada na formação de pastagens hibernais em regiões subtropicais e temperadas. Para ambas as espécies, no entanto, são limitados os trabalhos científicos relacionados ao padrão de nodulação e à fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN). Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar tais processos nessas espécies, bem como comparar o seu desenvolvimento morfológico sob diferentes fontes de N: N-mineral (nitrato de amônio 5%), N-simbiótico (inoculação) e na ausência dessas fontes (testemunha). O ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se vasos de Leonard com solução nutritiva; o substrato constou de uma mistura de areia + vermiculita + carvão. O delineamento foi completamente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Ao final de 65 dias, as plantas foram colhidas e avaliadas quanto ao comprimento e volume de raízes, número e peso de nódulos, acúmulo de MS e FBN. A. latifolia destacou-se pelo maior número de nódulos (126/vaso) e peso total de nódulos (82,22 mg MS/vaso) em relação ao cornichão, com 82 nódulos/vaso e 20,25 mg MS/vaso. A FBN foi mais efetiva em A. latifolia, cujas plantas inoculadas produziram, em média, 37% de MS em relação às plantas supridas com N-mineral; no cornichão esse percentual foi de apenas 15%. A quantidade de N fixado simbioticamente foi de 43,12 mg/vaso em Adesmia e de 9,92 mg N/vaso em cornichão.Palavras-chave: leguminosa, pastagem, simbiose Nodulation and Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Adesmia latifolia and Lotus corniculatus in Leonard JarsABSTRACT -Adesmia latifolia is a forage legume native from Southern Brazil which is outstanding due to stoloniferous growth habit and for forage production during the cool season. The Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) is a forage usually utilized as cool season species in subtropical and temperate regions. For both species, however, there is a reduced number of scientific works related to the nodule type and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). This work had the purpose to analyze such processes in these species and also to compare their morphological development under different nitrogen sources: mineral-N (ammonium nitrate -5%), symbiotic-N (inoculation) and without nitrogen (control). The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, utilizing Leonard Jars with nutritive solution; the substrate consisted of mixture of sand, vermiculite and charcoal. It was a randomized complete design with four replications. At the end of 65 days the plants were harvested and evaluated for length and volume of roots, number and weight of nodules, dry matter (DM) accumulation and BNF. A. latifolia stand out for the character number of nodules (126/jar) and total nodule weight (82.22 mg DM/jar) as compared to birdsfoot trefoil with 82 nodules/jar and 20.25 mg DM/jar. The BNF was more eff...